Plant Bio Day 1

4.8(4)
studied byStudied by 12 people
learnLearn
examPractice Test
spaced repetitionSpaced Repetition
heart puzzleMatch
flashcardsFlashcards
Card Sorting

1/32

flashcard set

Earn XP

Description and Tags

I. Importance of plants II. Botany, the study of plants III. What is a plant? IV. Ancestors of land plants V. Land plants, the embryophyta

Study Analytics
Name
Mastery
Learn
Test
Matching
Spaced

No study sessions yet.

33 Terms

1
New cards
Botany
Evolution, Ecology, Molecular Genetics, Mathematical Modeling, Morphology, Anatomy, Physiology, Cell Bio, Systematics, Development
2
New cards
Importance of Plants

1. Energy: Food
2. Energy: Fossil fuels
3. Clothing
4. Drugs, meds
5. Ecosystem functioning
6. Biodiversity
3
New cards
Plants evolved from what
Algae
4
New cards
Plants evolved from what/how
Algae, Eukaryote engulfment of cyanobacteria (plastid) Red/Green split
5
New cards
Streptophytes
Fresh water (Charophytes) & Land plants (Embryophytes)
6
New cards
Plants = all organisms within clade ___
Viridiplantae
7
New cards
Primary Endosymbiosis
Prokaryote + Eukaryote = Eukaryote (plastid)
8
New cards
Secondary endosymbiosis
Eukaryote (nonphotosynthetic) + Eukaryote (photosynthetic) = Eukaryote
9
New cards
Plants 1500 MYA
* Single cell & multicellular
* Marine
* Moist environments 
10
New cards
Plants 500 MYA
Colonization dryer environments

Cuticle
Vascular tissue: roots & shoots
Relationship w fungi
Seeds & pollen
11
New cards
Oxygen Revolution
Cyanobacteria changing O2 levels

* Plants created (2400 MYA)
* Plants move to land (700MYA)
* Results in Oxygen spikes
12
New cards
Features of plants
Starch, Chlorophyll b, Cellulose, Thylakoids in stacks
13
New cards
Starch
* Amylose (20%) chain
* Amylopectin (80%) Branches
* Sugar stored as starch
14
New cards
Chlorophyll b
* Chl a: all photosynthetic eukaryotes
* Chl b: accessory pigment; passes energy to Chl a
15
New cards
Cellulose
* Polysaccharide: unbranched glucose residues
* Most common polymer
16
New cards
Thylakoids in stacks
* Rather than as simple bands
* Membranes inside chloroplast - contain chlorophyll
17
New cards
Common ancestor of plants (not descended from)
Charophytes
18
New cards
Features of charophytes & land plants

1. Cell plate & phragmoplast (short microtubules)
2. Plasmodesmata
3. Rose-shaped cellulose synthesizing complexes
4. Sporopollenin
19
New cards
Plasmodesmata
Extensions of cell membrane thru pores in cell wall
20
New cards
Sporopollenin
* Durable polymer
* Found in walls of plant spores & pollen
* Chemically inert (stable, persists in environment)
* Protects from desiccation, decay, etc.
21
New cards
Move to land: Advantages
* Air filters less sunlight than water
* Air has more CO2
* No predators/herbivores on land
* More nutrient rich soil
22
New cards
Plants in water:
Supported, retain water, Reproduction easier
23
New cards
Plants on land
Not supportive, Lose water, Reproduction Harder
24
New cards
Land Plant Adaptations
Turgor (+ pressure),

Cuticle; vascular tissue; roots; stomates

Egg & embryo retained on parent; sporopollenin; protected embryo; seed coat; pollen; flower; fruit
25
New cards
Cuticle
Waxy covering
26
New cards
Antheridium
Male sex organ (produces sperm)
27
New cards
Archegonium
Female sex organ, produces egg
28
New cards
All sexual reproduction
diploid → haploid
29
New cards
Alternation of generations
mulitcellular diploid → Multicellular haploid
30
New cards
The alternating generations are
Gametophyte (haploid 1n)

Sporophyte (diploid 2n)
31
New cards
Origination of alternation of generations
* Zygote delays meiosis & instead divides and grows.
* Result: Multicellular diploid
32
New cards
Meisis makes _# cells
4
33
New cards
Green alga w/o alt of generations
Chlorophyta