Carbon, Carbohydrates, and Buffer Systems

Vocabulary flashcards covering carbon bonding, carbohydrate categories, disaccharide formation, and body fluid buffer systems.

Organic Compounds

Chemical compounds that always contain carbon, do not dissolve easily in water, and serve as a good source of energy.

Carbon Valence

Carbon has $4$ valence electrons, requiring it to form $4$ covalent bonds in order to complete its outer shell.

Carbohydrates

• Organic compounds comprised of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

• include sugars, glycogen, starches, and cellulose

• $2\text{-}3\%$ of total body mass

• main source of chemical energy.

Monosaccharides

• Simple sugars that contain from $3$ to $7$ carbon atoms.

• Ratio of 1:2:1; carbon:hydrogen :oxygen

Disaccharides

Simple sugars formed from the combination of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

Pentoses

5 carbon sugars

Hexoses

• 6 carbon sugars

• Often used for energy

When blood PH drops too low

PH will begin to rise

When blood PH gets too high

PH will begin to drop

Macromolecules

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• proteins

• Nucleic acids

Glycogen

Stored in liver and muscle

Starch

Plant equivalent to glycogen

Cellulose

Part of plant cell walls; cannot be digested by humans