CCJS100 Exam 2 Court Cases

Tennessee v. Garner (1985)

use of deadly force by law enforcement is unconstitutional against unarmed and non-dangerous fleeing suspects

Terry v. Ohio (1968)

Stop and frisk on suspects is allowed if there is reasonable suspicion that they are armed and involved in criminal activity

Chimel v. California (1969)

allows warrantless searches for weapons and evidence in the immediate vicinity of people who are lawfully arrested

United States v. Drayton (2002)

police officers are not required to inform people of their right to decline to be searched when police ask for consent to search

Miranda v. Arizona (1966)

suspects in custody must be informed of their rights to remain silent and to be represented during questioning (5th and 6th amendment rights

Berghuis v. Thompkins (2010)

Suspects must invoke their right to remain silent during police interrogation

Weeks v. United States (1914)

applied the exclusionary rule as the remedy for improper searches by federal law enforcement officials

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

applied the exclusionary rule as the remedy for improper searches by state and local officials

Strickland v. Washington (1984)

show that defendant had ineffective counsel by proving attorney committed errors that effected the outcome of the case

United States v. Salerno and Cafero (1987)

Upheld Bail Reform Act of 1984 to prevent people from committing crimes while on bail

Boykin v. Alabama (1969)

Before a judge may accept a plea of guilty, defendants must state that they are making the plea voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently understanding the consequences of the plea

North Carolina v. Alford (1970)

A plea of guilty by a defendant who maintains their innocence may be accepted for the purpose of a lesser sentence

Missouri v. Frye (2012)

Defense attorneys are obligated to inform their clients about plea agreement offers made by the prosecutor and are protected against ineffective counsel

Williams v. Florida (1970)

Juries of fewer than 12 members are constitutional (as a little as 6)

Witherspoon v. Illinois (1968)

Those who strongly oppose the death penalty with no exception can be removed through voir dire

Furman v. Georgia (1972)

The death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment (unconstitutional)

Gregg v. Georgia (1976)

reinstated the death penalty as constitutional if bifurcated proceedings occur (trial and punishment phase)

McCleskey v. Kemp (1987)

rejected a challenge of Georgia’s death penalty on grounds of racial discrimination

Atkins v. Virginia (2002)

Execution of developmentally disabled offenders is unconstitutional

Roper v. Simmons (2005)

execution for crimes committed while under the age of 18 is unconstitutional