AP Euro Unit two flashcards

Baroque

Bright colors, big canvases, over the top emotion, powerful messages, pro- pope

Luther’s 95 Theses

The spark that ignited the Reformation, wrote the 95 theses to challenge the selling of indulgences. Cause of the diet of worms (Pope Leo X had Luther excommunicated)

Peace of Augsburg 

A treaty signed in 1555 allowing German princes to determine the religion of their own territories, either Lutheranism or Catholicism, formalized the legal division in Christianity in the HRE, ended religious conflicts, but descluded other protestant faiths, led to the 30 years war. 

Edict of Nantes 

Signed by Henry IV in France, give religious (practice religion freely) and civil rights (hold office in government, get an education, and own property). Had the right to have strongholds, ended the French wars of religion, paved the way for religious tolerance in Europe. 

Peace of Westphalia

A series of Peace treaty’s, ended the 30 years war, there are now nation states, gave states in the HRE the right to determine religion and included Calvinism, granted independence to Switzerland and the Dutch republic.

Martin Luther

A German, wrote the 95 Theses (criticized indulgences, go to heaven based on faith alone) and was at the Diet of Worms. Wanted to church corruption, seperation religion from the church

Henry VIII

King of England, separated England from the RCC and make Anglican, wanted to separate to control divorce in England, Act of Supremacy

John Calvin

Separation of Church and State, but wants in together for Calvinist communities. Didn’t like Sale of Indulgences, hard work was a testament of devotion, predestination, the elect. 

Elizabeth I

Queen of England, daughter of Henry VII, believed in Church Reform, kept religious peace in England

Prince Frederick

An elector of the HRE, Protected Martin Luther, indirectly helped the reformation, wanted to decrease the power of the Catholic Church

Henry IV

A protestant, Wife was catholic, converted to Catholicism to take the throne, made the Edict of Nantes

Ulrich Zwingli

Swiss Christian, believed that the church was corrupt, wanted to Reform past Luther, against the Anabaptists, bible is authority

Pope Leo X

“Rennaisance Pope”, death with the rising influence of Luther and the Reformation, wanted to maintain catholcism throughout Europe, interested in materialism, had Martin Luther excommunicated

Charles V

Holy Roman Emporer, ruler of Spain, catholic, defended of the Catholic Church and its traditions, opposed Martin Luther, Disapointed that Luther didn't recant, Peace of Augsburg

Ignatius Loyola 

A very devout Catholic, Founded of the Jesuits, key figure of the Counter ref. used education and missionaries to strengthen Catholicism, made sure church remained in power 

Catherine de Medici

Had an arranged marriage with the king of France, wanted to keep peace while keeping nobility in power, involved in the French wars of Religion, St Barthlomew’s Day massacre

Mary I

Born in England, tried to reverse the English Ref, re-established the Pope in England, persecuted protestants

Desiderius Erasmus 

A knowm chirstin humanist, remained loyal to the Catholic church, wanted a more available Bible