Med Term Chapter 3: The Skeletal System

-ago

appendage

anything attached to a major part of the body, an appendicular means referring to an appendage

allogenic bone marrow/stem cell transplant

uses healthy bone marrow from a compatible donor (such as a sibling)

autologous bone marrow transplant

when a patient receives his or her own bone marrow cells, harvested from the hip

rheumatologist

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis

sprain

when the ligament connecting bones to a joint is stretched or torn

ilium

forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

ischium

forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears weight when the body is sitting

pubis

forms the anterior portion of the pubic bone, located below the bladder

tarsal bobes

7 short bones in the ankle, the talus articulates with the fibula and tibia

calcaneus

a tarsal bone, the heel bone

symphysis

a place where two bones are closely joined

femoral

pertaining to the femur, (thigh bones)

patella

aka the kneecap

popliteal

describes the posterior space behind the knee

anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL)

make movement of the knee possible

tibia

shinbone

fistula

smaller than the tibia, bone in the lower leg

carpals

eight bones that form the wrist

body of the vertebra

anterior portion of the vertebra that provides strength

vertebral foramen

opening in the middle of the vertebra that allows the spinal cord to pass through

intervertebral disks

separates and cushions the vertebrae from each other and allows for spinal movement

cervical vertebrae

the first seven vertebrae, they form the neck (cervical = neck); C1-C7

thoracic vertebrae

known as TI-T12, the second set of 12 vertebrae, each has a pair of ribs attached

lumbar vertebrae

L1-L5, make up the third set of five vertebrae and together they form the inward curve of the lower spine

sacrum

(say-crum) the curved, triangular shaped bone near the base of the spine

coccyx

(kock-sicks), known as the tailbone.

pelvic girdle

a cup-shaped ring of bone at the lower end of the ilium, ischium, and pubis.

auditory ossicles

three tiny bones located in each middle ear (malleous, incus, and stapes)

clavicle

collarbones

scapula

shoulder blade

acromion

an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

extremity

the terminal end of a body part such as an arm or leg

ulna

larger, longer forearm bone

olecranon

(oh-lec-ra-non), commonly known as the funny bone

radius

smaller, shorter bone in the forearm

humerus

the bone of the upper arm

true ribs

first seven pairs of ribs

false ribs

the 7-10th pairs of ribs

floating ribs

last two pairs of ribs, only attached to the vertebrae

the body of the sternum / gladiolus

the bony structure that forms the middle part of the sternum

xiphoid process

lower part of the sternum made of cartialge

zygomatic bones

the cheekbones, articulates with the frontal bone of the forehear

pectoral/shoulder girdle

in the shoulders, support the arms and hands

maxillary bones

form most of the upper jaw

palatine bones

form the front of the hard palate of the mouth and the floor of the nose

lacrimal bones

make up part of the eye socket

inferior conchae

form the interior of the nose

vomer bones

forms the base of the nasal septum (divides the two nasal cavities)

mandible

also known as the jawbone, attached at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

cranium bones

8 bones: frontal bone (anterior portion of the cranium/forehead), parietal bones (two largest bones, roof and upper sides of the skull), occipital bone (forms the back of the skull), temporal bones (sides and base), external auditory meatus (opening of the ear), sphenoid bone (base of the skull), and the ethmoid bone (roof and sides of the nose)

appendicular skeleton

makes movement possible and also protects the organs of digestion, excretion, and reproduction,

upper extremities- shoulders, arms, forearms, wrists, and hands

lower extremities - hips, thighs, legs, ankles, and feet

-algia

pain

short bones

bones of the wrist and ankle, roughly cube-shaped

all/o-

ankyl/o

crooked, bent, stiff

-ation

aut/o

bifid/o

axial skeleton

protects the major organs of the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems. consists of 80 bones

burs/o

bursa; cushions areas subject to friction during movement

chondr/o, chondr/i

cartilage - creates a smooth surface for motion within the joints and protects the ends of bones

cost/o

ribs

periosteum

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

crani/o

skull

-desis

to bind or tie together

medullary cavity

the central cavity located in the shaft of long bones (major bones of the arms and legs) where it is surrounded by compact bone (dense, strong outer bone layer), stores red and yellow bone marrow. lined by endosteum

dys-

abnormal, bad

-ectomy

surgical removal

-itis

inflammation

kyph/o

bent, hump

ligament/o

ligaments, connect bones

osteoclast cells

break down old/damaged bone

osteoblast cells

help rebuild the bone

-listhesis

articulate cartilage

covers the surfaces of bones where they articulate

lord/o

curve, bent

lumb/o

pertaining to the lower back (lumbar)

lex/o

bent to the side, dislocated

-lysis

to break down

-malacia

abnormal softening

myel/o

bone marrow (or spinal cord); red bone marrow helps form red blood cells and yellow bone marrow stores fat.

-oma-

osis

oss/e, oss/i, oste/o, ost/o

bones - framework for the body, protect the internal organs, and store calcium.

ous

-penia

per-

by or through

plas/i, plas/o

surgical repair

-plasty

procedure done to surgically repair something

poly-

multiple, many

prosth/o, prosthet/o

artificial, prosthetic aid

-rrhaphy

tear or rupture

scoli/o(s)

curving, bent

pin/o

spondyl/o, vertebr/o

vertebrae, vertebral column, backbone

-stenosis

sub-

below, deficient

synovi/o, synov/o

synovial membrane or fluid; the lining or lubricant of synovial joints