Alkanes and Alkyl Groups

CH4

Methane

CH3CH3

Ethane

CH3CH2CH3

Propane

CH3CH2CH2CH3

Butane

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3

Pentane

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Hexane

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Heptane

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Octane

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Nonane

CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

Decane

-CH3

methyl

-CH2CH3

ethyl

-CH2CH2CH3

propyl

Alternate name for -CH2CH2CH3

n-propyl or propan-1-yl 

isopropyl

Alternate name

propan-2-yl or 1-methylethyl 

-CH2CH2CH2CH3

butyl

Alternate name for -CH2CH2CH2CH3

n-butyl or butan-1-yl

isobutyl

Alternate name

2-methylpropan-1-yl 

sec-butyl

Alternate name 

butan-2-yl

tert-butyl

Alternate name

t-butyl or 2-methylpropan-2-yl

-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

pentyl

Alternate name for -CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3

pentan-1-yl

Numbering a parent chain starts from the end ___ (nearest/furthest) a branch

nearest

Multiple different branches are listed ___ 

Alphabetically 

If there’s a ring, the ring is the ___ ___

Parent chain

For a ring, start with an ___ ___ and number around the ring toward the ___ (closest/furthest) group

Alkyl group ; Closest 

If there’s 2 alkyl groups on a ring, number based on ____ ___

Alphabetical order