Period 3 APUSH

French-Indian trade networks

The French and Indians traded furs, which was the French's purpose for colonizing. The French did not mistreat the Indians, so the Indians liked the French more (than the British).

Patriots

They were against Britain's controlling laws and wanted representation in Parliament. They were the ones fighting for the colonies' rights and independence from Britain.

Benjamin Franklin

He wrote the Albany Plan of Congress, which promoted colonial unity. This inspired the 2nd Continental Congress' adoption of the Articles of Confederation.

Washington's Farewell Address

Washington's speech published at the end of his 2nd term. He warns to avoid permanent alliances and political factions.

Thomas Paine

He wrote Common Sense. He promoted the idea of freedom from Britain and republicanism.

Articles of Confederation

The first government of America. The federal government was too weak and the state governments were too strong, so it failed.

Property qualifications

People could only vote if they owned land or paid a certain tax. This allowed for rich landowning men to participate in government, which isn't really democracy.

Constitution

The second government of America. It replaced the Articles of Confederation because it had a stronger federal government that had powers separated into three branches.

Federalism

Belief for a strong and powerful central government. This had a strong influence in the early decades of America.

Mission settlements

Spanish missions in the Southwest and Mexico. Christianity spread.

Republican Motherhood

Mothers' responsibilities to govern their homes. Mothers were given a specific role in society.

John Adams

Second president of the US. During his term, the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed, and the XYZ Affair occurred.

Colonial rivalry in the mid-18th century

Reflections of the second Hundred Years' War between Britain and France in America. Native Americans became involved. Also, it mostly ended in stalemates.

French Revolution

France's fight for independence. The French looked for aid from the US, because of the Franco-American alliance, but America stayed neutral.

British tax efforts

Britain's effort to help their debt after the Seven Years' War. It made the colonies angry because they were used to salutary neglect.

Republican governments

Theory of representative governments with popular sovereignty. It influenced the 18th century American thought against monarchical rule.

Common Sense

Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. It called for independence from Britain.

Constitutional Convention

It met to amend the Articles of Confederation. The Constitution was created, as well as the Great Compromise and the 3/5ths Compromise.

Federalists vs. Antifederalists

Strong central government vs. strong state governments. It led to many compromises to make the government work for both parties.

Separation of powers

Montesquieu's idea to divide power and to have checks and balances. It inspired America's 3-branch federal government.

Ratification process

Decisions made by the state conventions (not state legislatures). It required 9 states to approve something (which was difficult).

Trans-Appalachian western migration

Settlement westward of these mountains. Banned by the Proclamation of 1763, but people ignored it and still moved.

Free navigation of the Mississippi

Allowed Americans to use this river for trade. Pinckney's Treaty with Spain allowed this.

Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans

Strong central government vs. strong state governments. Prominent in the pressure to support England or France.

Seven Years' War

Also called the French and Indian War. France vs. England in the Ohio River Valley. France was removed from Canada, and Britain went into debt and began taxing the colonies.

George Washington

First president of the US. He kickstarted America with a great cabinet to solve their debt (Hamilton).

Loyalists

Supported Britain and opposed American independence. After the war, 20% of the population was still this type of people.

Natural rights

Fundamental rights that the government should protect, said by John Locke. Protected by the Bill of Rights.

Declaration of Independence

Colonies' formal split from Britain. Started the American Revolution.

International slave trade 1808

Congress banned the importation of slaves on this date. This was done because the South had a self-sustaining population of slaves.

Alexander Hamilton

Pro-Constitution, Secretary of Treasury under Washington. His financial plan lessened America's debt.

Bill of Rights

Protected citizens' natural rights. Compromise made to ratify the Constitution.

American Revolution

Colonies gained independence from Britain. Birth of America.

Northwest Ordinance

Allowed statehood for territories in the Northwest Territory. One of the few good things that happened under the Articles of Confederation.

James Madison

Fourth president of the US. The Louisiana Purchase and War of 1812 happened in his term.