Medical Terminology - Chapter 6

agglutin/o

clumping

bas/o

base

chrom/o

color

coagul/o

clotting

eosin/o

rosy red

fus/o

pouring

granul/o

granules

hem/o

blood

hemat/o

blood

morph/o

shape

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

neutr/o

neutral

phag/o

eat, swallow

sanguin/o

blood

septic/o

infection

-apheresis

removal

-crit

separation of

-cytic

pertaining to cells

-cytosis

more than the normal number of cells

-emia

blood condition

-globin

protein

-oid

resembling

-penia

abnormal decrease

-phil

attracted to

-philia

condition of being attracted to

-philic

pertaining to being attracted to

-plastic

pertaining to formation

-plastin, -poiesis

formation

-rrhagic

pertaining to abnormal flow

-stasis

standing still

a-, an-

without

anti-

against

auto-

self

contra-

against

dys-

abnormal

homo-

same

hyper-

excessive

hypo-

insufficient

mono-

one

pan-

all

poly-

many

trans-

across

basophilic

pertaining to a WBC that attracts a basic pH stain

eosinophilic

pertaining to a WBC that attracts a rosy red stain

erythrocytic

pertaining to a red blood cell

fibrinous

pertaining to having fibers

hematic

pertaining to blood

leukocytic

pertaining to a white blood cell

lymphocytic

pertaining a WBC formed in lymphatic tissue

monocytic

pertaining to a WBC with a single large nucleus

neutrophilic

pertaining to a WBC that attracts a neutral pH stain

sanguineous

pertaining to blood

thrombocytic

pertaining to a clotting cell or platelets

thrombotic

pertaining to a clot

hematology

medicine that treats diseases and conditions of the blood, hematologist

coagulate

to convert a liquid to solid, blood clotting

dyscrasia

general term for disease affecting blood

hematoma

collection of blood under the skin as a result of blood escaping into tissue from dmged blood vessels

hemorrhage

blood flowing out of a vessel

thrombus

a hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris that is the result of the blood-clotting process

hemophilia

genetic disorder; blood fails to clot cs of lack of one clotting factor

hyperlipidemia

excessive level of lipids in bloodstream; risk factor for atherosclerosis

pancytopenia

having too few of all blood cells

septicemia

having bacteria or their toxins in bloodstream; also called blood poisoning

anemia

group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of RBCs or the amt of hemoglobin; results in less o2 reaching tissues

aplastic anemia

sever anemia; red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant

erythrocytosis

condition of having too many RBCs

erythopenia

condition of having too few RBCs

hemolytic anemia

results from destruction of RBCs

hemolytic reaction

destruction of RBCs when a patient receives an incompatible blood transfusion

hypochromic anemia

results from insufficient amt of hemoglobin in RBCs; RBCs are unable to transport sufficient o2

iron-deficiency anemia

results from an insufficient amt of iron to make hemoglobin for RBCs

pernicious anemia (PA)

insufficient absorption of vitamin B12; unable to make enough RBCs

polycythemia vera

condition of having too many RBCs; blood is thick and flows sluggishly

sickle cell anemia

genetic disorder where RBCs take on abnormal sickle shape; become more fragile leading to hemolytic anemia

thalassemia

genetic disorder in which the body is unable to produce functioning hemoglobin

leukemia

cancer of white blood cell-forming portion of red bone marrow; results in large number of abnormal and immature WBCs circulating in bloodstream

leukocytosis

condition of having too many WBCs

leukopenia

condition of having too few WBCs

lymphocytic leukemia

type of leukemia in which the abnormal WBCs are lymphocytes

myeloid leukemia

type of leukemia in which the abnormal WBCs are granulocytes

thrombocytopenia

condition of having too few platelets

thrombocytosis

condition of having too many platelets

blood analyzer

automated machine that analyzes different characteristics of a blood specimen

blood culture and sensitivity (C&S)

incubation of blood to identify bacteria and determine the best antibiotic to use against them

complete blood count (CBC)

set of tests including RBC + WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, platelet count

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

determines the rate at which RBCs settle in a test tube

hematocrit (HCT, Hct, crit)

measures volume of RBCs

hemoglobin (Hgb, hb, HGB)

measures amt of hemoglobin present

platelet count

determines number of platelets

prothrombin time (pro-time, PT)

measures how long it takes for blood to coagulate and form a clot

red blood cell count (RBC)

measures number of red blood cells

red blood cell morphology

examines RBCs for abnormalities in shape

white blood cell count (WBC)

measures number of white blood cells

white blood cell differential (diff)

determines number of each variety of white blood cell

bone marrow aspiration

sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia

phlebotomy

incision into vein in order to withdraw blood for testing, venipuncture

autologous transfusion

collection and storage of patient’s own blood prior to actual need

blood transfusion

artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream

bone marrow transplant (BMT)

patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient’s own bone marrow has been destroyed