AVICULTURE 2

Which is NOT one of the three principle skeletal adaptations for flight?

long, thin bones

Rigidity in the avian skeletal system refers to

bones are fused together withstand forces of flight

______ adds strength to the skeletal structure without adding weight

rigidity

Which of the following is true about the beaks of birds?

help rip and break up food before ingestion
help decrease the need for a heavy jaw bone
are specialized to need the needs of each species

______ are tightly bound to resist the twisting and bending forced produced during flight

thoracic vertebrae

this structure forms a protective basket around the heart and lungs

ribs

the ______ structure of the woodpecker is specialized to help insulate the brain from wood pecking

hyoid

pneumatic bones....

are connected to the respiratory system
provide strong but lightweight support
are in some facial bones in humans

this bone has been modified to support the flight muscles of the chest

keel

the alula

is a part of the wing that can move independently, like a thumb

what bird has a urinary bladder?

rhea

typically, only the _______ side of the female reproductive tract is fully developed

left

which of the following is true about the male (avian) reproductive system

most species lack a penis
they have paired structures
testes are located in abdominal cavity
testes swell to several times their normal size during breeding season

the uropygial gland is responsible for

secreting oil to keep feathers in good condition

match the species to the correct order

Columbiformes- luzon bleeding heart dove
Phaethontiformes- redbilled tropicbird
Eurypygiformes-sunbittern
Caprimulgiformes- tawny frogmouth
Opisthocomiformes- hoatzin
Cucliformes- guira cuckoo
Gruiformes- grey crowned crane
Otidiformes- kori bustard
Musophagiformes- great blue turaco
Galliformes- malayan great argus pheasant
Struthioniformes- common ostrich
Anseriformes- radjah shelduck

In order to maximize their reproductive success, females will typically

maximize the quality of her offspring

which of the following happens during copulation?

sperm is transferred from the male to the female

Match the description to the correct mating system

one male and one female copulate cooperate to raise young- social monogamy
a group of males and females cooperate to rear young- polygynandry
a male bird sires offspring of a female and then deserts her to find other females- polygyny
a female bird abandons her eggs to be raised by male partner- polyandry

female birds tend to choose mates who

have a good song or display
give them high quality "gifts"
have a good territory

in the studies involving shrikes, what did males typically do when they saw their mate returning from an adjacent territory?

attack her or force copulation

Which of the following is true regarding bird song?

song production is innate
bird song is affected by testosterone
some birds can learn a variety of songs

T/F: Birds have the largest hearts relative to their body mass of all other vertebrates

True

T/F: the structure of the bird heart is the same as humans

True

what bird would have the slowest heartrate?

emu

T/F: Birds have a diaphragm

false

How many breaths does it take for a bird to complete one respiratory cycle?

2

Wat is true regarding the bird respiratory system?

flight requires a lot of oxygen
birds can't sweat, so heat can be released through air sacs

birds excrete_____

urates

What is the common opening for the reproductive and excretory system called in birds?

cloaca

In the female reproductive system, the shell glad is located in the....

uterus

T/F: It is possible to sex a ducking when it is 1-3 days old

true

short answer: what strategy is used by penguins to keep their feet from freezing on the ice? how does this work?

countercurrent heat exchange, foot temp just above freezing, warm blood flows down to the feet by arteries, arteries and veins twist so hot blood cools down before reaching feet and veins warm blood back up before heading to the heart

Short answer: describe the pathway air takes through the respiratory system of a bird.

2 parts, first cycle allows air to go straight to back air sacs then into lungs, second cycle goes from lungs to front air sacs and out of bird