CH 2: Livestock

ADS 1113

What percentage of livestock products make up the total amount of agricultural commodities in the United States?

47%

*What state is #1 for all commodities in agriculture in U.S.?

California

*What state is #1 for the commodity of cattle and calves for agriculture in the U.S.?

Texas

*What state is #1 for the commodity of milk for agriculture in the U.S.?

California

*What state is #1 for the commodity of broilers for agriculture in the U.S.?

Georgia

*What state is #1 for the commodity of hogs for agriculture in the U.S.?

Iowa

*What state is #1 for the commodity of chicken eggs for agriculture in the U.S.?

Iowa

*What state is #1 for the commodity of turkeys for agriculture in the U.S.?

Minnesota

What factors dictate the need to increase or decrease animal numbers and amount of product produced?

Changes in:

• Consumer demand

• Feed prices

• Weather

• etc

How quickly can inventories change for broilers?

Broiler numbers can be increased or decreased in a couple of months.

• easy to sell broilers since they have a shorter life span

How quickly can inventories change for cattle?

Several years are needed to make significant changes in cattle numbers

• cattle market is harder to change to satisfy demand and supply

Bos indicus

Humped cattle developed in tropical countries

• better suited for the south

• humped back

• loose skin

Bos taurus

Cattle developed in more temperate zones like USA and Europe

• non-humped

• tight hide/skin

What does cattle contribute to the world?

• Food

• Fiber

• Fuel

• Draft animal power

In most developed countries, the beef meat is a ….

Primary product

In developing countries, beef meat is a ___ product to the draft animal power and milk produced.

Secondary

What countries have the largest cattle population?

India and Brazil

• Brazil is #1 for cattle

• India is per-capita consumption because religious customs forbid cattle from being slaughtered

What are the reasons for this relatively high production of beef from fewer numbers of cattle in the U.S.?

• (1) the average carcass weight has increased by an average of 5 pounds per year over the last half century

• (2) an increased number of cattle are fed per feedlot (2.4 times the feedlot capacity

• (3) the market age of fed cattle has decreased

• (4) more crossbreeding and faster-gaining European breeds (e.g., Simmental, Limousin, and Charolais) are being used in commercial breeding programs

• (5) more Canadian and Mexican calves are imported and fed in the United States when market conditions are favorable.

*Commercial beef cattle production occurs in three (4) phases:

1. Seedstock (1 type of cow-calf)

2. Commercial cow-calf (2 type of cow-calf)

3. Stocker-yearling

4. Feedlot

*Seedstock

Specialized cow-calf producers—produce primarily breeding cattle and semen

• cow-calf sector

• provides genetic base

• purebred

*Commercial cow-calf

Commercial cow-calf producers raise most of the potential slaughter steers and heifers.

• cow-calf sector

• uses genetic base to provide commercial calves

• 400-650lbs

• crossbred

*Stocker-yearling

Stocker-yearling producers feed cattle for growth prior to their going into a feedlot for finishing.

• steers and heifers grown for later feedlot finishing

• grow calves to 600-850lbs

• primarily on roughage

• popular option in the south (has more grass for them to eat)

*Feedlot

Feedlot cattle are fed in pens or fenced areas, where harvested feed is brought to them.

• fed with grain

• fed till ready for harvest

• feed to finished weight (900-1,300lbs on high-energy rations)

What are the two types of cow-calf operations?

Seedstock and Commercial producers

Seedstock Producers

Produce calves to go back into breeding herds

• sell nice bulls to commercial producers

• main goal: to produce for breeding

Commercial Producers

Produce calves that go to feedlot and slaughter

• main goal: produce for consumers

What rations do feedlot productions use?

High-energy (concentrate) rations for fast gain

*What is the average annual world production per cow?

5,244lbs

What country has the highest dairy production per cow?

Israel with nearly 26,000lbs

What is the U.S. and other dairy industry specialized in?

Production, processing, and distribution of milk

How much does the U.S. average dairy have?

135 mature milking cows

Dairy today

• small sized dairies are declining while large sized herds are increasing

• herds of less than 100 cows comprise nearly 75% of all dairy herds but only produce 14% of US milk production

Dair today

• 6% of dairy herds have more than 500 cows and provide almost 2/3 of total milk production

• the largest farms are usually located in the west and southwest (humidity is hard on dairy cows so not a lot in the south)

Past Horse Industry

• important for wars, mail delivery, farming, forest harvesting, and mining

Today’s Horse Industry

• used in shows, racing, handling of livestock, companionship, recreation, and exercise

• horses for transportation have been replaced by machinery

*After WWI, the population of horses started to ——

decline quickly

What animals does the poultry industry include?

chickens, turkeys, geese, ducks, pigeons, peafowls, and guineas

What is the fastest-growing source of meat?

Poultry - genetically easier and uses less space

U.S. poultry industry is concentrated primarily in the ——- area of the country.

southeastern

The raising of broilers is performed on a ——— ——-

contract basis:

• between person who owns the house, and equipment and furnishes the necessary labor

• and the corporation that furnishes the birds, feed, field services, dressing, and marketing

Broiler Belt

• where 2/3 of US broilers are raised

• Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, North Carolina, and Virginia

*In 2017 how many eggs per hen were laid each year?

279 eggs/year

What is the leading state in turkey production?

Minnesota #1

What does the sheep and goat industry provide?

Fibers, milk, hides, and meat

• important ruminants in temperate and tropical agriculture

What country has the most sheep?

China #1

The US ____ more lamb than it ____

Imports, produces

Two types of production systems:

Farm-flock and Range-flock

*Farm-flock

• in Midwest and eastern states

• Sheep closely monitored and tightly managed

• More hands-on management

• Fenced pasture land

*Range-flock

• in western states

• not heavily managed

• Out at night and all time eating grass

80% of US sheep are raised in the ___?

West

Most US sheep producers have small flocks of what?

50 head or fewer

*Purebred Breeders

Raise purebred sheep and sell for breeding

*Commercial lamb producers

Raise crossbreds for market

*Commercial feedlot operators

Buy lambs weighing 70-80lbs, feed for 40-60 days to help lambs gain 20-30lbs

*What state has the most meat goats?

Texas

What state has the most dairy goat production?

Michigan

*What country has the most pigs and pork production?

China

Where is most production for swine in the US?

Midsection (Corn Belt)

• has the most grain

What state account for 25% of pork production in the US?

Iowa

Total pork production has ____.

Increased

Aquaculture

Farming or rearing of aquatic plants and animals

*What state produces ½ of the US total of catfish and is #1 in catfish?

Mississippi