Microbiology Exam 2 McGraw Hill

Relationship in which a microorganism resides within a host cell and provides a benefit to the host cell.

endosymbiosis

Proteins associated with eukaryotic DNA. These simple proteins serve as winding spools to compact and condense the chromosomes.

histone

An organism that relies upon organic compounds for its carbon and energy needs.

heterotroph

Any disease caused by a fungus.

mycosis

The filamentous mass that makes up a mold. Composed of hyphae.

mycelium

The term used to describe the evolutionary origin of some eukaryotic organelles, such as mitochondria and chloroplasts, is

endosymbiosis

Of the eukaryotic subcellular structures listed below, which is the most external?

Golgi apparatus

Mitochondria

Cell membrane

Glycocalyx

Glycocalyx

Which of the following organisms have cells with relatively thick cell walls?

Fungi

Protozoans

Algae

Animals

Fungi

Algae

Biologists believe that eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryotes through which process?

Endosymbiosis

an intracellular, membrane-bound component of a eukaryotic cell

organelle

The key difference between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells is the presence or absence of a(n) DNA-housing _______ and other membrane-bound organelles.

nucleus

In a eukaryotic cell propelled by a flagellum, the flagellum moves ______.

back and forth

The double membrane that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm is known as the

nuclear envelope

Many eukaryotic cells have a glycocalyx. (T/F)

True

The endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane-bound series of sacs and tubules with regions that function in _______ production and ______ storage.

protein, lipid

Fungi and most algae have a thick cell wall

True

The organelle that receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and is part of the secretion system to the cell surface is the

golgi apparatus

Which of the following is a membrane-bound organelle that contains digestive enzymes?
Peroxisome

Lysosome

Chloroplast

Ribosome

Lysosome

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus. (T/F)

What is the principal function of mitochondria?

ATP Production

Which structures separates DNA from the cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells?

Nuclear Envelope

In eukaryotic cells, a membranous series of tubules that functions in transport and storage is the ___________

ER (Endoplasmic Reticulum)

Some ribosomes are located in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
True or False

True

Which of the following organelles typically receives proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum?
Golgi apparatus
Chloroplast
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Nucleus

Golgi Apparatus

A flexible molecular framework throughout the cytoplasm that anchors organelles, and permits shape changes in some cells, is the

Cytoskeleton

Plants are (mainly) autotrophs and fungi are

heterotrophs

Identify the cellular locations of 80S ribosomes

Rough ER and Free-floating in the cytoplasm

A network of tubular cells, which cluster together to form the visible growth of Rhizopus fungi, is called a(n) ________.

Mycelium

What collective name is given to the various proteins that crisscross the cell's interior, hold various organelles in place, enable movement of intracellular structures, and give the cell internal structural integrity?

Cytoskeleton

Fungal reproductive cells called ______ can be produced asexually or sexually.
hyphae
spores
mycelia
septa

spores

True or false: Only microscopic features are used to identify fungi from clinical samples.

False

Microbes that are pathogenic to humans and animals are __________ in their requirement for pre-formed organic matter.

Heterotrophic

Most fungi are free-living and do not require a host. (T/F)

True

Algae and protozoa are classified in what kingdom?

Protista

Reproduction in fungi is achieved through the formation of sexual and asexual

spores

Algae may be either unicellular or multicellular organisms.
True or False

True

Which of the following would be observed to determine microscopic characteristics of a fungus?

Hyphae

Mushrooms (fruiting bodies)

Individual spores

Gills

Hyphae

Individual spores

How many different species of protozoa have been identified?

About 65,000

Most known protozoans are ______.

non-pathogenic

Most protozoa are multicellular colony dwellers. (T/F)

False

Both protozoans and algae are found in the Kingdom

Protista

In protozoans, the clear outer layer of cytoplasm that contains microtubules but not granules or organelles is the

ectoplasm

Which of the following statements are true about algae?

They are both prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

They are prokaryotes.

They are always multicellular.

They are both unicellular and multicellular.

They are eukaryotes.

They are always unicellular.

They are both unicellular and multicellular.

They are eukaryotes.

The granular inner region of cytoplasm that contains the nucleus, mitochondria, and food and contractile vacuoles in protozoan cells, is called

endoplasm

Select the statement that most accurately reflects characteristics of protozoa.

They exhibit various forms of motility.

Only 100 species have been identified to date.

They lack double-membrane bound organelles.

They are prokaryotic organisms.

They exhibit various forms of motility.

Some protozoa have an additional layer outside the plasma membrane called a(n)

pellicle

Protozoans require their food in a complex ______ form.

organic

Most protozoa ______.
exhibit a parasitic lifestyle
live among others in a colony
are photosynthetic
live as solitary, singled-celled organisms

live as solitary, singled-celled organisms

Protozoans do not typically inhabit marine environments, as the salt content of the water is too high for their survival. (T/F)

False

Protozoa such as the amoeba move by extending their cytoplasm to form a(n) __________ or “false foot”.

pseudopodia

The motile feeding stage of a protozoan cell is a(n)

trophozoite

What is a pellicle?

A cell wall that supports the shape of some protozoan species

An additional outer layer found in some protozoa

An undulating membrane to which cilia or flagella are attached

A hard shell made of calcium carbonate

An additional outer layer found in some protozoa

Which environmental condition favors the trophozoite form in protozoa?

Lack of nutrients

Presence of drugs or chemicals

High moisture

High Moisture

Protozoans acquire their food by which two of the following mechanisms?

Capturing gas in vacuoles

Parasitic feeding on live cells

Scavenging dead plant or animal debris

Producing sugars by photosynthesis

Parasitic feeding on live cells

Scavenging dead plant or animal debris

Which environmental factor is most critical for protozoal growth?

Temperature

Moisture

The pH

Moisture

Which of the following environmental factors typically trigger cyst formation in protozoans?

Moist conditions

Lack of nutrients

Dry conditions

Abundance of nutrients

Lack of nutrients

Dry conditions

Which are helminths?

Puffballs

Flukes

Tapeworms

Algae

Roundworms

Mosquitoes

Flukes

Tapeworms

Roundworms

Identify all the characteristics of helminths.

Are all parasitic in the adult form

Multicellular in adult form

Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Microscopic in all life cycle forms

Multicellular in adult form

Eukaryotic

Which of the following are methods of locomotion that can be observed among protozoa?

Amoeboid motion

No specialized locomotion organelles

Using fimbriae

Using cilia

Using pili to crawl over surfaces

Using flagella

Amoeboid motion

No specialized locomotion organelles

Using cilia

Using flagella

What term refers to a biological catalyst that lacks an essential cofactor?

apoenzyme

Cellulase is an example of an enzyme that works outside of the cell from which it was produced.

True false question.

True

Identify the smallest pathogenic agent.

Bacterial cell

Fungal cell

Virus

Helminth

Virus

What is the monomeric unit of a viral capsid?

Capsomere

Viruses which have a series of rod-shaped capsomer proteins linked together forming a series of interconnected hollow discs are termed ______.

helical

Viruses attach to membrane receptors on the host cell that are ______.

glycoproteins

A virus that only infects cells of a specific tissue in the body is described as having a(n) ______.

tropism

Infections caused by fungi are called mycoses. (T/F)

True