Apush- Period 2 Vocab

European expansion and colonization types

Spanish- Encomienda/Missionary system

French- Fur Trade

Dutch- Trade

British- Settlement and agriculture

Christianity

Prominent European religion centered around Jesus Christ

Treatment of native populations

Forced labor, murder, and stealing land

African slave trade

The forced relocation and selling of African Americans during the transatlantic trade

Fur trade

Buying and selling trapped/hunter fur to make into clothes for mainly wealthy people

European migrants

A mostly British group of people that went to the Americans to settle and/or make money

Chesapeake

A bay and body of water in Virginia that early British colonies, like Jamestown, were centered around

Powhatan

Native American group- near the Jamestown colony

John Smith

Famous leader of Jamestown and important historian

Jamestown

First successful English colony in the new world

“Starving Time”

Period of suffering and starvation from 1609-1610 in Jamestown that almost killed the colony

Lord De La Warr

English noble that reorganized Jamestown after the starving times

Tobacco

A highly addictive plant that is smoked in pipes and later cigarettes

Headright System

A system of indentured servitude that lasted 5-7 years and guaranteed passage to America and land after those years to the indentured servant

House of Burgesses

An elected council which helped govern Virginia

Lord Baltimore

An English noble that founded Maryland for all English Catholics

Proprietary Rule

English colonies ruled by an individual other than the king

Maryland Act of Toleration

A law that allowed for religious tolerance for all Christians in Maryland

Bacon’s Rebellion

A failed rebellion led by a plantation owner against the government of Virginia

North Carolina

The northern half of the former Carolina colony with lumber works and cereal crops

Tobacco cultivation

The process of farming tobacco in Virginia and other southern colonies

Indentured servants

People who would temporarily be servants of others

New England colonies

Connecticut, Rhode ISland, Massachusetts, and New Hampshire

Puritans/pilgrims

Religious separatists that went to America for freedom and economic opportunity

Mayflower Compact

A document which guaranteed rule by majority in Plymouth

Plymouth

First colony in New England founded by the pilgrims

William Bradford

Famous governor of the Plymouth colony

Massachusetts Bay Company

The theocratic colony Plymouth grew into

John Winthrop

First governor and one of the founders of the Massachusetts Bay Company

Congregational churches

A local church that served a small community

Theocratic society

A society where religion is the largest aspect of life and religious leaders hold all government positions

Roger Williams

Governor and founded of Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson

Religious speaker and women’s rights speaker whose followed eventually founded New Hampshire

Middle Colonies

Pennsylvania, Delaware, New York, and New Jersey

Cereal crops

Crops that are grown for eating like rice, corn, and wheat

Diversity

A large variety or mix of something

Pequot War

A 2 year conflict between the Massachusetts Bay Company and the Pequot Tribe

King Philip’s War

A year long conflict between the natives in and the settles of New England

English Civil War

A war between parliament and Charles I that saw the victory of parliament and the removal of Charles I

Restoration

Charles II was crowned King of England, restoring his family to the throne

Quakers

An English Christian group focused on pacifism

WIlliam Penn

Founder and governor of Pennsylvania

Sugar and Slavery

Demand for sugar and labor to grow it led to the transatlantic slave trade

James Olgethrope

British General that became governor and founder of the colony of Georgia

Navigation Acts

British laws that restricted colonial trade to England

Glorious Revolution

An English conflict that led to the rule of King William III and QUeen Mary II

Southern Atlantic Colonies

North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, Maryland, and Georgia

Self governing institutions

A group ruled by people of that group, rather than an outside group

New England town meetings

Local meetings where people of a town would discuss issues in the community

Colonial legislatures

Legislative Branches that made laws for a colony, like the House of Burgesses

Planter Elites

An elite group of plantation and slave owners that held all of the south’s wealth

Elected assemblies

A group of people elected for a specific reason

Transatlantic trade

The trade of 12 million slaves between Africa, Europe, and the colonies

Imperialist Structure

Maintaining power over other nations through colonialism, expansionism, economic power, and military force

Mercantilism

The idea that wealth is finite and a nation must limit its imports, but maximize its exports

Atlantic slave trade

The buying and selling of African Americans into slavery

West Indies

Islands in the Caribbean primarily used to grow sugar for Europe

Chattel Slavery

A system of slavery where an enslaved person was legally considered property

Pluralism

A system where different groups with different ideas can coexist and work with each other in government

First Great Awakening

A christian revival that swept across Britain and its colonies

European Enlightenment

An intellectual movement throughout Europe concerning the ideas of God, reason, nature, and property

Anglicization

The act of making something more British in character and appearance

Transatlantic Print Culture

Culture that surrounded communication via press in the new world

Protestant evangelicalism

A protestant movement focused on Jesus Christ’s salvation and was a large religion in the colonies

Indentured Servitude

The practice of being a servant for a set number of years

Midwives

A mostly female profession centered around assisting in delivering babies

Gender Ratio

The male to female ratio in an area

Life expectancy

How long the average person will live in a certain area

Middle passage

A point in the journey of enslaved people where most people died

Huguenots

French protestants that fled to the Americas due to persecution

North Economic Diversity

A variety of Industries in the north allowed the region to be wealthier

Indigo

A dye grown in the Americas

Extractive Industries

Industries based on physically taking resources from the earth

Currency issue

Colonists used paper money due to a lack of metal, which differed from Britain

Triangular Trade

Trade routes between Africa, Europe, and the Americas

Consumerism

Protection of the interest of the consumer

Slave culture

The development of culture among enslaved people, despite being in bondage

Plantation

An estate where a crop is grown by resident labor

Stono Rebellion

The largest colonial slave uprising that took place in South Carolina

Salem

A Massachusetts town where the infamous witch trials took place

Characteristics of cities

Medium sized cities with a decent amount of people and a lot of trade (sorry this definitions kinda bad)

Religious Diversity

The colonists were mostly protestant with a large Catholic minority

Great Awakening

An intellectual and political revival

George Whitefield

Preacher that helped start the evangelical movement

John Peter Zenger

A journalist who was put on trial but was found not guilty; an early victim for freedom of the press

Jonathan Edwards

An American philosopher and preacher that helped start the great Awakening

Enlightenment

A European intellectual movement