Anatomy of the Pelvic Girdle, Femur, Tibia, Fibula, and Foot Bones

Acetabulum

The deep socket of the os coxa that articulates with the head of the femur.

Obturator foramen

The large opening in the os coxa formed by the pubis and ischium.

Pubic symphysis

The cartilaginous joint where the two pubic bones meet anteriorly.

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

The prominent projection on the anterior, superior part of the ilium that serves as a landmark and muscle attachment site.

Posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)

The projection on the posterior, superior part of the ilium.

Iliac crest

The superior curved border of the ilium.

Ischial tuberosity

The roughened area on the inferior part of the ischium that is the site for hamstring attachment and the bone you sit on.

Ischial spine

The small, pointed projection located above the ischial tuberosity.

Head of the femur

The rounded proximal structure of the femur that articulates with the acetabulum of the os coxa.

Neck of the femur

The narrowed region that connects the head of the femur to the shaft.

Greater trochanter

The large, lateral projection near the proximal end of the femur that serves as a major muscle attachment site.

Lesser trochanter

The smaller, medial projection located inferior to the head of the femur.

Gluteal tuberosity

The roughened vertical ridge on the posterior femur that serves as a gluteal muscle attachment.

Linea aspera

The prominent ridge that runs down the posterior shaft of the femur.

Lateral condyle

The rounded distal, lateral projection of the femur that articulates with the tibia.

Medial condyle

The rounded distal, medial projection of the femur that articulates with the tibia.

Lateral epicondyle

The smaller projection located above the lateral condyle that serves as a ligament attachment site.

Medial epicondyle

The smaller projection located above the medial condyle that serves as a ligament attachment site.

Medial condyle (tibia)

The large medial projection on the proximal tibia that articulates with the femur.

Lateral condyle (tibia)

The large lateral projection on the proximal tibia that articulates with the femur.

Tibial tuberosity

The roughened bump on the anterior proximal tibia that serves as the attachment for the patellar ligament.

Anterior crest

The sharp ridge that runs down the anterior shaft of the tibia and is commonly called the 'shin'.

Medial malleolus

The distal, medial projection of the tibia that forms the inner ankle bump.

Head of the fibula

The expanded proximal end of the fibula that articulates with the tibia (not the femur).

Lateral malleolus

The distal, lateral projection of the fibula that forms the outer ankle bump.

Talus

The bone that sits on top of the calcaneus and connects with the tibia and fibula.

Calcaneus

The largest tarsal bone, forming the heel.

Navicular

The tarsal located in front of the talus on the medial side.

Cuboid

The tarsal on the lateral side in front of the calcaneus.

Medial cuneiform

The tarsal in front of the navicular on the medial side of the foot.

Intermediate cuneiform

The tarsal located between the medial and lateral cuneiforms.

Lateral cuneiform

The cuneiform next to the intermediate cuneiform in line with the 3rd metatarsal.

Metatarsals 1-5

The five long bones in the midfoot, numbered medial to lateral.

Proximal phalanges

The bones in the toes closest to the metatarsals.

Intermediate phalanges

The middle bones of toes 2-5.

Distal phalanges

The bones at the tip of all the toes.