biomechanics final

the bodies of the vertebrae within this area are fatter and broader; they have to carry a lot of load

lumbar vertebrae

the spinal section has vertebrae which are smaller, and a main function is to support the head

cervical spine

anatomically correct term for the joint between the occipital bone and the atlas

atlantooccipitcal joint

anatomical term for the horseshoe off the back of the vertebral body, composed of the pedicle, lamina, and the foramen

neural arch

the spinous processes of this vertebrae section point interiorly

thoracic spine

direction of internal muscle torque in a crunch

up and/or flexion

lateral bend with a weight: what is the active oblique muscle and in which direction

left internal and/or external obliques

at the cervical spine, what is the direction of external torque in a crunch and what muscles resist this

external torque is extension

resisting this is flexion

SCM and/or scalenes

when representing forces in a free body diagram and assessing the plank, what are the external forces at L4-L5 and in what direction

gravity, down, creating an extension torque

when representing forces in a free body diagram of a left side plank, what is the internal force direction, muscle torque direction, and what trunk muscles would be active

up, lateral flexion, QL/external obliques/erector spinea

this muscle of the neck, which is named after the insertions, does contralateral rotation and flexion when activated bilaterally

sternocleidomastoid

rotation to the left, such as a russian twist, is activating which oblique muscle

right external obliques and left internal obliques

this back muscle of your lower lumbar region can create lateral flexion when activated unilaterally

quadratus lumborum

one muscle named for cap, or head, and one named for insertion of in the neck, these 2 muscles extend in the neck when activated bilaterally

splenius capitis and cervicis

this is an intersegmental muscle of the back that’s main job is segmental stability but us also spinal extensor

multifidus

this ligament is continuous and covers the length of the spine, resisting posterior shear and excessive extension

anterior longitudinal ligament

this ligament is continuous and resists flexion, running down the back of the spine

posterior longitudinal ligament

this ligament runs from the neural arch of one vertebrae to the next, and helps to resist flexion

ligamentum flavum

consider the flexion-relaxation phenomenon. what, in general, is holding spinal alignment

ligaments which resist flexion: PLL, supraspinous, interspinous, flavum

the intratraverse ligaments, which run from transverse processes of the vertebrae, resist this motion

lateral flexion, rotation

what is an overactive lumbar muscle in lower crossed syndrome

iliocostalis and longissimus

in anatomical position, what is the direction of external muscle torque at the spine

down, flexion

this muscle not only contributes to lower crossed syndrome when overactive, but can also create anterior lumbar shear

psoas

this mechanism of potential injury is a decrease in muscle activation in full spinal flexion, leading to potential anterior shear or lumbar anterior translation

flexion-relaxation phenomenon

what is a typically tight or overactive cervical muscle in upper crossed syndrome

sternocleidomastoid