Vital signs and diagnostic tests

Erythrocytes normal range

males- 4.6-6.3 million per microliter

females-4.2-5.4 million per microliter

RBC percentage in males

48%

RBC percent in females

42%

high RBC count

polycythemia

low RBC count

anemia

Polycythemia risks/symptoms

Thrombosis, dizziness, headaches

anemia symptoms

Fatigue, pale skin, shortness of breath, irregular heart beat

High neutrophil count

bacterial infection

high lymphocyte count

viral infection

High Monocyte count

chronic infection

high esinophils count

Parasitic infection

High Basophil count

allergic reaction

WBC normal range

5,000-10,000/mm3

High WBC counts may indicate

infection

Low WBC counts may indicate

viral infections, pneumonia, autoimmune diseases, or cancers

Hemoglobin normal range

female: 12-15.5g/dL

male: 13.5-17.5g/dL

Hematocrit normal range

female: 37-47%

male: 42-52%

High Hb and High Hct

Polycythemia

Low Hb and low Hct

Anemia

Platelets normal range

150,000-400,000/mm3

Thrombocytopenia

deficiency of clotting cells

thrombocytosis

abnormally high platelet count, clotting risk

Sodium normal range

135-145 mEq/L

Hypernatremia causes

dehydration

Hyponatremia causes

fluid overload

Potassium normal range

3.5-5.0 mEq/L

Hypokalemia causes

muscle weakness, arrhythmia

Hyperkalemia causes

arrhythmias, life threatening

Creatinine normal range

0.7-1.2 mg/dL

Low Creatinine levels

Malnutrition, liver disease

High creatinine levels

Indicate kidney issues, dehydration

BUN normal range

10-20 mg/dL

Low BUN indicates

liver dysfunction, malnutrition

High BUN indicates

Renal insufficiency or failure, dehydration

Glucose normal range

70-110 mg/dL

hyperglycemia indicates

diabetes mellitus

Hyperglycemia symptoms

lots of eating, peeing, drinking. blurred vision, fatigue, weight loss

Hypoglycemia symptoms

Tachycardia,Vertigo (dizzy), Tremors, vision changes, anxiety

ALT normal range

7-56 U/L

AST normal range

10-40 U/L

Bilirubin normal range

0.3-1.0 mg/dL

high bilirubin levels

jaundice

low bilirubin levels

Caffeine consumption

Albumin normal range

3.4-5.4 g/dL

low albumin levels

liver disease, malnutrition, malabsorption.

high albumin levels

dehydration, loss of fluid

Total protein normal range

6.0-8.0 g/dL

low total protein

Malnutrition , liver disease, kidney disease

High total protein levels

Dehydration

Total Cholesterol normal levels

<200 mg/dL

high cholesterol can

Increase CAD risk

Triglycerides normal range

<150 mg/dL

high triglyceride levels can

Increase CAD risk

HDL cholesterol levels

>40mg/dl

LDL cholesterol levels

<100 mg/dL

Prothrombin Time (PT) + normal time

test of the ability of blood to clot

11-13 seconds

High PT

risk of bleeding

X ray

Uses high energy electromagnetic radiation to take images

Ct scan

a series of x-ray photographs taken from different angles and combined by computer..... uses contrasting dyes

MRI

a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to generated images

Ultrasound

uses high-frequency sound waves to form pictures