2 - the 1823 gaols act

History

What was the Gaols Act of 1823, and who introduced it?

The Gaols Act of 1823 was introduced by Home Secretary Robert Peel, influenced by MP Sir Samuel Romilly. It aimed to improve prison conditions and reform prisoners.

What were the key reforms introduced by the Gaols Act of 1823?

• Justices of the Peace (JPs) had to inspect prisons regularly.

• Jailers were to be paid.

• Prisoners had to follow a reform programme.

• Prisons needed to be secure and sanitary.

• Male and female prisoners had to be separated.

Which prisons were built as a result of 19th-century prison reforms?

Cardiff Prison (1832) and Swansea Prison (1861) were built following prison reform efforts.

What were the two main types of prison systems in the 19th century?

Silent System – Prisoners could see each other but had to remain silent at all times.

Separate System – Prisoners were kept in isolation to encourage reflection and reform.