Balance of Payments

Average CAD 1975–2019

4% of GDP

Commodity share of Australian exports

52%

Top 5 Australian exports

Iron, coal, LNG, gold (first three make up three-quarters of revenue)

Australian trade surplus began

2017

China's growth decline

14.2% in 2007 to 6–7% in the late 2010s

Australian household savings historically

5–15%

Foreign ownership of mining companies

86%, with 40% of business profits flowing overseas

Net foreign debt peak

61.9% in 2016

Consecutive budget deficits

2008–2022

Net foreign liabilities peak

60.5% of GDP in 2015

CAS in 2021

4% of GDP

BOGS surplus peak

4.3% of GDP in 2020

Dam collapses affecting iron supply

Samarco and later Brumadinho (Brazil, 2nd largest iron exporter)

Terms of trade peak

144 in 2022, $18 billion trade surplus

AUD fall 2011–2019

$1.10 to $0.70

Share of Australian foreign debt denominated in AUD

83%

NPY deficit reduction March–July 2020

44% smaller

TWI in 2020

Sustained 50–54, sharp depreciation to 49 in March

BOGS growth March–July 2020

25%

Share of Australian foreign debt in AUD (valuation effect)

75%

Australia became a net capital exporter

2019

MPS increase from COVID

0.06 to 0.24

Superannuation guarantee (2026)

12%, sector valued at $4.5 trillion, 50% invested overseas

RBA cash rate lower bound

0.1% from November 2020 to May 2022

US Fed rate vs RBA during COVID

0.5% vs 0.1%

Australian cash rate in 2019

0.75%, growth at 2.5%

CAD December 2025

2.9% of GDP

Current terms of trade

115 (base year 2012)

Russia's rank as gas producer

2nd largest

Post-COVID global growth

Below 2–3% (secular stagnation)

Australian export revenue fall

$688 billion to $646 billion in 2025

Forecast 2026 trade position

Possible deficit (0.3% of GDP surplus currently)

AUD after Liberation Day tariffs

Dropped below 0.60 USD

Public sector debt 2023/24

$923 billion after $314 billion pandemic response

Foreign ownership of government bonds

52%

Public sector debt share of NFD

40%; total NFD $1.4 trillion (50% of GDP)

IEA decarbonisation predictions by 2050

Coal demand down 90%, gas down 55%

Tariffs recently placed on Australia

12.5%

Australian debt servicing ratio

6% (one-third of 1990 level)

Australia's household debt to GDP ratio

2nd highest in the world

Years of consecutive CADs

44 years