AP GOV Unit 4 Test

Liberal

Progressive social roles and moral values; government should not regulate moral issues; strong federal government; government should regulate economy

Conservative

Traditional social roles and moral values; minimal role of government in economy; stronger state & local government; literal interpretation of Constitution

Individualism

Belief in importance of individual; protected by Bill of Rights; Liberal

Equality of Opportunity

Belief in right to life, liberty, and happiness; protected by 14th amendment; liberal

Laissez Faire

Economic policy limiting government intervention in business affairs; conservative

Rule of Law

Concept in which all citizens are subject to clearly defined laws; assures stability and certainty; limits government; conservative

Limited Government

Government is controlled by laws, checks and balances, and separation of powers; key to civil rights; conservative

Progressive Tax

Tax rate that increases as taxable amount increases; liberal

Flat Tax

All taxable income is subject to the same tax rate, regardless of income; conservative

Silent Generation

Republican; traditional; influenced by WWII, Cold War, and Great Depression

Baby Boomers

Strong work ethic; conservative and traditional; high voter turnout; influenced by Cold War

Generation X

Republican, conservative, and traditional; influenced by Vietnam War and Civil Rights

Millenials

Liberal; more ethnically diverse; economically conservative; influenced by 9/11 and conflicts with Iraq and Afghanistan

Benchmark Polls

1st poll in election; used to gather info about general concerns of the public

Tracking Polls

asking people the same questions over time to track public opinion; used during election season to assess candidate's strength

Entrance/Exit Polls

conducted outside polls on election day; used to predict outcomes

Focus Groups

small groups gathered to talk about specific issues/candidates

Bandwagon Effect

tendency for others to develop certain political opinions because other people are doing so

Misleading Data Projections

Data projections can be incorrect is polls are conducted with bias

Bradley Effect

African American candidates underperforming against their consistently inflated poll projections

Horse-Race Polls

Elections are reported in terms of who is in the lead rather than who is more qualified

Majoritarian

Conservative; a majority in the population is entitled to have the priority in that society

Interest Group

Liberal; group of people with common goals who organize to influence the government

Keynesian Economics

Liberal; without the government, the market will not operate at full capacity; government creates demand; deals with fiscal policy

Supply-Side Economics

Conservative; government should let supply and demand control the market; government should leave most money to the people

Foreign Trade

Conservative; international trade without restrictions on imports and exports; NAFTA; USMSC

Globalization

Liberal; process of increasing interactions between people, businesses, and economies around the globe

Monetary Policy

policy laid by the central bank to achieve macroeconomic objectives like price stability, full employment, and stable economic growth

Fiscal Policy

the use of federal government spending and tax policies to influence economic conditions

Libertarian

seeks to maximize autonomy and political freedom; socially liberal and economically conservative

Populist

emphasize the needs of the "people" over the needs of the "elite"; anti-establishment