HIST1020 - EXAM 3

What is the euro?

The euro is the name for the European common currency.

Which of the following statements is true of early communist China?

Its educational system was much less developed than that of the Soviet Union.

What averted the Cuban missile crisis?

The leaders of the United States and Russia negotiated an agreement that the United States wouldn't invade Cuba.

Which region successfully decolonized in the period from the mid-1950s through the mid-1970s?

Africa

In terms of the use of force, Gorbachev

refused to use force to suppress protesters.

Why was Western Europe able to recover from the devastation of war in the first half of the twentieth century?

Western European industrial economies proved remarkably resilient as the knowledge and skills that allowed them to prosper remained intact.

How did collectivization of agriculture differ between the Soviet Union and China?

Collectivization was a more peaceful process in China than in the Soviet Union.

Which of the following statements accurately reflects the relationship between communist states during the cold war?

The Soviet Union invaded both Hungary and Czechoslovakia.

What distinguished the dissolution of Europe's Asian and African empires in the twentieth century from the dissolution of its colonies in the Americas during the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries?

The Asian and African independence struggles frequently affirmed the vitality of local cultures after independence.

Which of the following has been a significant outcome of the collapse of the Soviet Union?

The European Union has accepted as members many former communist countries of Eastern Europe.

What was an outcome of the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in 1949?

The United States committed itself to the defense of Europe against the Soviet Union.

Why did communist regimes generate terror and violence on such a massive scale?

Perceived enemies came to include high-ranking members and long-term supporters of the Communist Party.

Which of the following is true of the nuclear standoff during the cold war?

Following the Cuban missile crisis, both powers continued to expand their arsenals.

Which of the following was a distinctive feature of nationalist movements in India and the Islamic world?

They viewed independence through a religious prism.

Which of the following is true of the economic performance of the Soviet Union?

By the 1980s, Soviet economic underperformance had important security implications for the country.

Which of the following was a motivation for the United States to invest $12 billion in the Marshall Plan?

Genuine humanitarian concern

Which of the following resulted from China and the Soviet Union's urbanization efforts?

Exploitation of the countryside to provide resources for modern industry

Which of the following statements best describes the experience of third-world countries during the cold war?

Third-world countries had varied experiences, with their individual circumstances running the spectrum from being the pawn of a superpower to actually benefiting from the rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union.

Which of the following accounts for the rapid decline of global communism in the late twentieth century?

Moral and economic failures of the ideology became publicized.

What did "building socialism" mean to Communist Party leaders?

Modernization and industrialization

What problems did rapid economic development after 1976 in China produce?

The reemergence of a criminal underworld largely eliminated after 1949

In the aftermath of early twentieth-century conflicts, what enabled Western Europe's recovery from the devastation of war?

After centuries of military conflict, Western Europeans put aside some of their nationalist sentiments to work toward common prosperity.

Which of the following was a result of urbanization in both China and the Soviet Union?

The growth of a privileged bureaucratic and technological elite

Which of the following statements best reflects Soviet and Chinese industrialization during the twentieth century?

They experienced unprecedented economic growth through massive mobilization of their nations' human and material resources.

What resulted from Gorbachev's reforms in the late stages of the Soviet Union?

Newspapers and TV exposed crime, prostitution, child abuse, and corruption, which had been hidden from the population before.

Which of the following best characterizes Western Europe's twentieth-century experience?

Self-destruction followed by partial recovery.

How did collectivization of agriculture differ between the Soviet Union and China?

Collectivization was a more peaceful process in China than in the Soviet Union.

What distinguished the extension of communism into Asia as compared to Europe following World War II?

Asia was the scene of the most destructive and prolonged hot wars during the cold war.

Which of the following best reflects the relationship between educated nationalist leaders and nonelite groups who supported independence in Asia and Africa during the twentieth century?

Relations between nationalist leaders and their followers were frequently fraught with tension.

During the 1980s, with what did China's leadership associate democracy?

The chaos of the Cultural Revolution

Which of the following best summarizes China's economic reforms since 1976?

Communist authorities have created an essentially capitalist economy.

What was distinctive about the end of Europe's African and Asian empires compared to other cases of imperial disintegration?

Never before had the end of empire been so associated with the mobilization of the masses around a nationalist ideology.

The communications revolution began with what two nineteenth-century innovations?

Telephones and telegraphs

What is neoliberalism?

An approach to the world economy that favored tariff reductions and steps to encourage free markets and private entrepreneurship

Which of the following was a common method by which people in the Global South used to attain fantastic sums of wealth?

Corruption

In which country had women succeeded by the late 1980s in organizing into some 27,000 small associations of women dedicated to self-help?

Kenya

What advantage did early adopters of the first Scientific and Industrial Revolutions enjoy?

Resources that allowed these countries to dominate global innovation for centuries

A marketplace system that emerged in the late twentieth century that relied on contract labor is known as a(n)

gig economy.

Which key transformation of private life characterized modernity?

Decisions that custom or law previously dictated came to depend on individual choice.

From earliest to latest, place the following military technologies in the correct order.

Military aircraft, radar, ballistic missiles

Which of the following describes an effect of economic globalization on the United States?

Companies moved their manufacturing operations to Asia and Latin America, forcing many unskilled American workers to work in the service sector.

When contrasted to the superrich of 1900, the superrich of 2000 often

inherited their vast sums of wealth

Which organizations or institutions have, in the past two centuries, assumed the previous roles of the family throughout the world?

The state and large businesses

The communications revolution encompassed a vast array of technological innovations. From earliest to latest, they were

Telegraph, radio, personal computer, smart phone

Which statement about the economic effects of post-World War II globalization is true?

Wealth increased overall, albeit not uniformly, and did so without attendant stability.

Which of the following statements describes women's economic experience in World War II, especially in the Western democracies?

They worked in industrial factories, at least until the men came home from battle.

Which of the following types of marriage has been on the rise, especially in the West, in recent decades?

Same-sex marriages

Why did nations like Mexico, Turkey, and Indonesia rapidly industrialize starting in the 1970s?

Oil wealth provided a financial impetus to industrialization.

Which statement about the post-World War II farm economy is accurate?

More food is being grown by fewer people.

Which of the following statements about sexuality in the past three decades or so is true?

Public culture has become highly sexualized, especially in the West.

Submarines were first widely used in what conflict?

World War I

Which statement aptly describes modernity's effect on family life over the past two centuries?

Large families have become rarer as children are increasingly seen as economic burdens.

Which of the following describes how the communist industrial experience after World War II differed from that in Western Europe?

The varieties of consumer goods produced

Which of the following was a feature of the global economy between the end of World War I and the opening of World War II?

States turned to high tariffs to protect their economies.

In which of the following ways were women's rights similar in the 1920s in both the Soviet Union and Kemal Atatürk's Turkey?

The removal of the Muslim veil was encouraged.

How did Western feminists alienate women in the Global South?

Western feminists placed too much emphasis on individualism and sexuality

According to historians, 2016 populist movements like Britain's announced exit from the European Union and the election of U.S. president Donald Trump resulted from

middle-class insecurities about the future.

Which of the following statements is correct about the gig economy?

It mimics the economic system of the preindustrial service sector.

Which of the following describes the global economy in the period between the first and second world wars?

Contraction of global economic linkages

Which of the following reflects a new division created by economic globalization after World War II?

The rich nations of the Global North versus the developing countries of the Global South

Which of the following has contributed to the erosion of the American middle class over the last few decades?

Millions of manufacturing jobs have been lost to foreign factories.

The use of the internal combustion engine affected humankind by

contributing directly to climate change.

Which of the following statements reflects the state of organized feminism in the West at the end of the 1920s?

The movement had lost momentum despite recent successes in securing voting rights.

The admission of Eastern European nations to the European Union was evidence of which of the following?

The collapse of communism in the Soviet Union

In contrast to Russia, the communist revolution in China

focused on building peasant support in the countryside.

Which of the following made modernization more difficult in China than in Russia?

The larger population in China

What was the result of Mao's two great campaigns, the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution?

The death and ruin of tens of millions and the widespread discrediting of communism

How did the Cold War affect countries emerging from colonial rule in the second half of the twentieth century?

Both the United States and the Soviet Union gave them military and economic aid in the hope of gaining their support.

Which of the following contributed to American global influence in the decades following World War II?

A productive economy in a country untouched by the destruction of war

Which of the following describes relations among those countries controlled by communist parties?

Divisive conflict undermined any sense of communist solidarity.

Which of the following marked the triumph of nation-states over the empires that had dominated political life during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries?

The process of decolonization

What was the result of the reforms instituted under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China in the 1980s?

Rapid economic growth based on capitalist models

In what way did Mikhail Gorbachev's economic plan parallel that of Deng Xiaoping?

State enterprises were freed from government regulation.

Which of the following contributed to the failure of Soviet reforms to strengthen socialism and revive a stagnant economy?

The planned economy was dismantled before a functioning market-based system could emerge

What effect did the Soviet policy of glasnost have on the communist countries in Eastern Europe?

It sparked demonstrations that toppled the communist states in Eastern Europe.

During the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, access to fossil fuels provided which of the following?

The foundation of the modern world economy

Automobiles shared which of the following with electrification?

Both linked remote rural areas and national life.

Which statement is true about the debate over the Internet?

Some question whether it facilitates or undermines personal relationships.

What effect did the Bretton Woods system have on globalization after World War II?

It established rules for commercial and financial dealings among major capitalist countries.

Which of the following describes the effect of economic globalization on wealthy nations like the United States?

A shifting global division of labor resulted in the loss of many manufacturing jobs.

Which of the following has been a contentious issue between the Global North and the Global South since 1945?

The availability of and terms for foreign aid

Which of the following resulted from the advent of the moving assembly line?

Workers lost control over the pace of their work.

The outsourcing of jobs to freelancers during the late twentieth century was one consequence of which of the following?

The trend toward less stable employment in the service industries

Which outcome was the result of the shifting of manufacturing and some service and knowledge jobs to the Global South?

An emerging middle class in the Global South

Which of the following was a product of industrialization?

Education became the job of the state.

China’s one-child family policy is an example of which of the following?

The increasing intrusion of the state into people’s private lives

In contrast to feminists who fought for equal rights, feminists who assumed the task of women's liberation

challenged patriarchy through direct action.