AP Bio : Unit 2

Ribosomes

do protein synthesis

Ribosomes picture

endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Smooth or rough, in the cytoplasm

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

has ribosomes, helps w/ protein synthesis

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) picture

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

helps lipid synthesis, detoxophyies

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) picture

golgi complex

refines, folds, modifies protein packs protein for transport

golgi complex picture 

mitocondria

makes ATP, does aerobic resperation

mitocondria picture

lysosome

digestion and waste removal enzymes

lysosome picture

vacuole 

storage,     important in plants

vacuole picture

chloroplast

does photosynthesis

chloroplast picture

nucleolus

makes ribosomes

nucleolus picture

all cells have…

cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, chromosomes

plasma/cell membrane

lipid bilayer, structure of cells, maintains cellular homeostasis

heat + nutrient exchange

organisms regulating internal conditions with external environment

small SA:V ratio

high metabolism, eat a lot, loose heat fast

large SA:V ratio

low metabolism, retain lots of heat

when SA:V gets large…

cells split to be small again

fluid mosaic model structure

phospholipids, protein, cholertral, glycoproteins, glycolipids

fluid mosaic model picture

phospholipid structure

phosphate heads face out, fatty acid tails face in

phospholipid picture

selectively permeability

phospholipid membrane regulates movement of things in and out of cells

embedded proteins

transport, cell recognition, signal transportation

cholesteral

regulates membrane rigidity 

glycoprotein

cell recognition & communication in cell membrane, fused to heads

glycolipd

cell recognition & communication in cell membrane, fused to tails

membrane transport : small np

small non polar molecules allowed through

membrane transport : large charged

need proteins to move them through membrane via protein channel