Physics - unit 1 - topic 1: Heating Processes

Kinetic particle molecule and specific heat capacity

Kinetic particle model of matter

All matter consists of particles in constant motion that collide with each other, leading to observable properties such as temperature. This model explains states of matter and their changes.

Thermal energy

the total kinetic energy of particles in a substance, directly proportional to the substance’s temperature.

Temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in a substance.

Kinetic Energy

the energy an object possesses due to its motion, calculated as half the mass of the object multiplied by the square of its velocity.

Heat

The transfer of thermal energy between objects of different temperatures.

Internal energy

The total energy contained within a system, due to both the kinetic and potential energies of its particles.

Describe a heat transfer in terms of conduction

heat transfer between direct contact of materials. As particles collide and transfer energy to adjacent particles.

Describe heat transfer in terms of convection

Convection is a process of heat transfer through fluids (liquids or gases) where warmer, less dense material rises while cooler, denser material sinks, creating a circulating flow.

Describe heat transfer in terms of radiation

the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves, allowing energy to be transferred through a vacuum or transparent medium without direct contact between objects.

Transfer from degrees celcius to kelvin

T(K)= T(C) +273

Change in temperature is due to…

the addition or removal of energy from a system.

Describe the concept of specific heat capacity

Specific heat capacity is the amount of energy (usually measured in joules) required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius (or Kelvin).