BIO203 - Lectures 1 & 2 - Homeostasis, Organization of Life

Introduction to anatomy, homeostasis, requirements for life, organization of the body, basics of body systems, directional terms

define anatomy

the study of structure (where something is located, what it looks like)

define physiology

the study of function (what does it do and how does it do it)

2 types of anatomy

gross anatomy: large, identifiable through the naked eye

microscopic: cellular level, often requires microscope

list the characteristics of life

growth/repair

excretion

reproduction

responsiveness

respiration

circulation

absorption

metabolism

(GERRRCAM)

list processes of life and give a short description of each

respiration: breathing for cellular respiration, produces ATP

digestion: food converts to energy

Absorption: energy and nutrients through the blood

circulation: blood circulates through the body

assimilation: products are made into proteins

excretion: waste excreted

(Mr DACAE)

what is metabolism and its 2 types

the sum of all chemical reactions in the body

catabolic (breaking things down)

anabolic (building back up)

requirements of the maintenance of life

water: transportation, temperature regulation, chemical reactions

nutrients: raw materials for chemical reactions, energy

oxygen: cellular respiration, chemical reactions

heat: chem. reactions work best at certain temp., heat is a byproduct of reactions and movement

pressure: atmospheric (breathing) and hydrostatic (blood pressure)

(WHONP)

what is homeostasis, why is it important?

maintaining a stable internal environment (its dynamic, a normal range around a set point)

make sure the body stays in balance and stable

define negative and positive feedback

negative: opposes variation to get back to a set point (activating sweats or shivers, releasing sugar when BP is low)

positive: stimulus exacerbates what’s going on, moves further away from set point (blood doesn’t normally clot, but when you get cut you need it too)

define stimulus, define receptor

a problem/environmental factor that causes a change

a receptor is a sensor that detects those changes or problems in stimuli

define effector

a part of the body that reacts to the receptor, initiating an action to get the body back into a stable state

locations of the major body cavities and the major organs within them

Ventral cavities:

thoracic cavity: lungs, heart, bordered by diaphragm

abdominopelvic cavity: intestines, pancreas, kidneys, stomach

Dorsal Cavity:

Cranial cavity and Vertebral canal