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Qualities and Core Attributes of Helping Relationships
1) Competence
2) Intentionality & integrity
3) Empathy
4) Relationship attunement & attachment
5) Ability to inspire & empower
Intentionality and Integrity
Being centered towards goal or accomplishment, working with structure and focus, monitoring progress
Empathy
Understanding the helpee's feelings, non-judgemental presence, communicating understanding and openness to the helpee, having self-awareness and self-regulation
Therapeutic Alliance
The creation of a strong relationship and therapeutic space where the individual feels supported, understood, accepted, and heard
Attunement
The ability to accurately read one's cognitive, emotional, physiological, and behavioral cues and respond accordingly
Ability to Inspire and Empower
Belief in individuals' capacity to grow and change, installation of hope, enable agency in the helpee, uncovering an individual's strengths and abilities
What are the various forms of helping?
1) Clinical helpers
2) Non-clinical helpers
3) Advocates
Clinical helpers
Advanced level training required, extensive supervised clinical practice experience
Non-clinical helpers
Provide adjunct care, support, or instruction, work under supervision of clinical helper, may work in a variety of non-mental health settings
Advocates
Work with and/or on behalf of people or groups for a particular cause or policy, goal is to increase peoples' sense of personal power or agency
Non-mutuality
The focus of the helping relationship is always on the needs of the helpee. Restrictions may include prohibitions of intimacy, mutual friendship, and physical contact
How does one demonstrate helper competence?
1) Having extensive knowledge in the area of focus
2) Communication skills
3) Ethical and responsible behavior
4) Professionalism
5) Cultural competence
6) Confidence
7) Flexibility
Neuroscience contributions
Neural pathways are constantly changing. They are never set in stone so once a pathway is formed, it can be changed
Why are parent-child relationships important?
Children need healthy relationships with their parents so they are able to have healthy relationships later in their life
What are the domains of problem?
1) Interpersonal
2) Intrapersonal
Interpersonal
Between people
Intrapersonal
Between yourself, internally/mentally
Functional Behavioral Analysis (FBA)
A specific tool that is used to identify pros and cons of the behavior
Applied Behavioral Analysis (ABA)
The study of a particular behavior in a particular study. Looking at environment and its conditions that are causing behaviors
Humanistic Perspective
1) Helper believes people have the innate ability to self-actualize
2) Helpers avoid making interpretations
3) Helper uses unconditional positive regard, congruence, and empathy
Why is cultural competence important?
Respect and empathy with the helpee, be competent and not force them to educate you about them. There are identities that are marginalized and that plays a direct role in how they experience society
Three components of cultural competence
1) Awareness: of one's own cultural identity and others
2) Knowledge: developing an understanding of one's own and the helpee's racial or cultural heritage, beliefs, values, lifestyles, and worldview
3) Skill
True or False, A helper must self-actualize and complete their own healing in order to be an effective guide
False
Operant conditioning
Believes actions that are reinforced are strengthened and likely to occur again
Classical conditioning
Learning via association (Pavlov's dog)
Narrative approach
Works to rewrite a narrative imposed early on in development
Helper self-regulation strategies
1) Cognitive change
2) Response modulation
3) Situation selection
Cognitive change
Altering the way in which an individual makes meaning of a situation or trigger
Response modulation
Putting strategies into place before or after responses are triggered
Situation selection
Avoiding a situation that triggers an emotional response
What are the stages of change?
1) Precontemplation
2) Contemplation
3) Preparation
4) Action
5) Maintenance
Precontemplation stage
Avoidance. That is, not seeing a problem behavior or not considering change
Contemplation stage
Acknowledging that there is a problem but struggling with ambivalence. Weighing pros and cons and the benefits and barriers to change
Preparation stage
Taking steps and getting ready to change
Action stage
Making the change and living the new behaviors which is an all-consuming activity
Maintenance stage
Maintaining the behavior change that is now integrated into the person's life
What are the theories of development?
1) Psychodynamic
2) Ethological
3) Humanistic
4) Behavioral/Learning
5) Contemporary
How do the theories of development work with the theories of helping?
First we understand how people develop & learn ( theories of development), based off these, then we can best intervene to help them. Ex: Freud, it is all unconscious, then we will focus on ways we can help the unconscious mind
Burnout
Overwork/Fatigue + Cynicism + Inefficacy
Vicarious trauma
The traumatic reactions that helpers sometimes have when they are exposed to others' stories of trauma, pain, and suffering
Effects of Helper Trauma Responses
1) Tension or over-preoccupation with the trauma
2) A perpetual over-sensitive or hyper-arousal state
3) Avoidance of conversations related to the trauma
Implicit Memory
Unconscious patterns of learning stored in hidden layers of neural processing
Explicit Memory
Stored information that was initially acquired as a result of conscious experiences and learning
Vygotsky's Social Constructionist Theory
Contemporary theory: behavior and thinking cannot be separated from their cultural context. personality develops from social interaction.
Contemporary Theories
Emphasis on the fact that there are multiple levels of organization involved in human life that are systemically integrated
Behavioral/Learning Theories
Theories of learning that focus on how consumer behavior is changed by external events or stimuli
Humanistic Theories
Theories that view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
Ethological Theories
Use evolution to explain human development
Psychodynamic Theories
Any theory of behavior that emphasizes internal conflicts, motives, and unconscious forces
