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Dorsal
Relating to the upper surface or back of an insect; opposite of ventral
Ventral
Relating to the lower surface or belly of an insect; opposite of dorsal
Lateral
Relating to or situated at the side of an insect's body
Anterior
Toward the front or head end of an insect; opposite of posterior
Posterior
Toward the rear or tail end of an insect; opposite of anterior
Fore
Prefix meaning front or first, typically referring to the first pair of structures
Mid
Prefix meaning middle, referring to the second or middle pair of structures
Hind
Prefix meaning rear or last, referring to the third or posterior pair of structures
Tagmata
Specialized groupings of body segments in arthropods; singular form is "tagma"
Appendage
Any external structure that extends from the body, such as legs, wings, antennae, or mouthparts
Head
The anterior tagma containing the brain, sensory organs, and mouthparts
Thorax
The middle tagma consisting of three segments (pro-, meso-, and metathorax) that bear the legs and wings
Abdomen
The posterior tagma containing digestive and reproductive organs; typically consists of 11 segments or fewer
Mouthparts
Specialized feeding appendages located on the head, modified according to feeding habits
Antenna
Paired sensory appendages on the head used for smell, touch, and sometimes hearing
Wing
Flattened appendages used for flight, arising from the mesothorax and metathorax
Legs
Jointed appendages used for locomotion, with one pair per thoracic segment
Tarsus/Tarsomeres
The most distal leg segment, subdivided into smaller units called tarsomeres, ending in claws
Ovipositor
A specialized egg-laying appendage found in female insects, formed from modified abdominal segments