Government

In the summer of 1776, the Howes decide to seize

New York City

The result of the plan to stop rebellion in summer 1776 was

A disaster for the Americans, heavy losses, and a chaotic retreat

In late december 1776, Washington decided to attack

Trenton, New Jersey, hoping to gain a much-needed victory for the Continental Army.

On Christmas night, Washington crossed the Delaware

to launch surprise attack on the Hessians

The result of Washington’s action on Christmas night was

a crucial victory at Trenton, boosting morale for the Continental Army.

In spring of 1777, General Howe had a plan to seize Philadelphia, resulting in

The continental congress fleeing the city, Washington losing to Howe at Brandywine

British General Burgoyne persuaded London high command to let him follow through with his scheme, involving

Leading the army from Canada down to Albany, NY, meeting up with Howe’s troops arriving at NYC, then joining forces to isolate New England

Burgoyne’s plan resulted in

massed American troops surrounding Burgoyne at Saratoga, leading to his surrender.

As a result of Saratoga,

Americans had proof they could defeat British regulars, British confidence took heavy blow, dramatically changed war strategy (troops along coast), French support

At Valley Forge,

George Washington's army endured a harsh winter, facing disease, starvation, and lack of supplies, yet emerged stronger and more unified.

“One huge problem that the Congress faced was paying the troops.” What did Congress do to solve this problem?

Congress issued paper money and sought loans from foreign nations to finance the war effort.

In what ways did wives serve during the war?

They ran the farms and businesses, and made ammunition from silverware

What happened to African Americans during the war?

Escaped to freedom, fled to cities, moved to the frontier, 5,000 served in the Continental Army

Friedrich von Steuben

was a Prussian military officer who trained American troops during Valley Forge, improving their discipline and effectiveness.

The Marquis de Lafayette

was an idealistic French aristocrat who believed in the American cause of freedom and joined Washington’s staff

After General Clinton left, the British general in the South was

Cornwallis

The British began their military campaign in the South with

early victories in Savannah, Georgia, Charlestown, and Camden

Later in the war, the fighting in the South was characterized by

Americans harassing the British and British chasing Americans through rough countryside

Washington ordered his ablest commander to march south to engage the British. This was

Nathanael Greene

Daniel Morgan took 600 troops to South Carolina to fight the British. What was the battle/outcome?

Cowpens/American victory

What was Cornwallis’s fateful mistake?

Led army of 7,200 onto the peninsula between the York and James rivers and camped at Yorktown, Va

Who suggested that the American and French armies join forces with the two French fleets to attack Cornwallis?

Lafayette

What part did the French naval force play in the Victory at Yorktown?

It defeated the British fleet and blocked the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay

How did the British lose at Yorktown?

17,000 French and American troops surrounded and sieged the British day and night

When the British surrendered, Cornwallis at the last minute,

pleaded illness and sent a replacement

The belief in equality of all people is

egalitarianism

The Americans had one demand before other peace negotiations at the Treaty of Paris took place - it was

Britain to recognize full American independence