Microbiology Exam 1

True or False: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized in the nucleolus.

True, rRNA is produced in the nucleolus and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis.

Francesco Redi

(1600s) contended that spontaneous generation was FALSE through his experiments with rotting meat in jars.

John Needham

(1700s) argued that spontaneous generation was TRUE after boiling broth to kill microbes after microbes remained.

Lazzaro Spallanzani

(1700s) argued that spontaneous generation was FALSE after replicating Redi and Needham’s experiments.

Prokaryotic

Lynn Margulis (1967) asserted that mitochondria and chloroplasts have ______ orgins.

Robert Remak

Which individual argued that cells are derived from other cells through cell division?

True

True or False: Prokaryotes contain plasmids which are circular, non-essential DNA.

B. anthracis

Is the causative agent of anthrax

C.difficle

Causes pseudomembranous colitis

C.perfringes

Causes gas gangrene

C.botulinum

Causes botulism

C.tetani

Causes tetanus infection.

Thylakoids

Which of the following structures is NOT found in a photosynthetic bacteria’s membrane.

70S; 50S and 30S

The prokaryotic ribosomes are _______ and consist of __________ subunits.

80S; 40S and 60s

In contrast, the eukaryotic ribosomes are _______ and consist of the ________ subunits.

True; it is a component of ribosomes.

True or False: Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is synthesized in the nucleolus.

Peroxisomes/Peroxisome

Are membrane-bound organelles separate from the endomembrane system. They produce hydrogen peroxide, which helps break down certain molecules. They also contribute to lipid synthesis.

Cilia

Which of the following structures may be used for locomotion and sweeping particles towards/away from the cell.

Magnetosome

Magnetic iron oxide or iron sulfide surrounded by a lipid layer.

Structural Isomers

With_________, carbon molecules have the same formula but a different arrangement.

Stereoisomers

However, ______ have the same sequence and structure but a different 3D shape.

Enantiomers

In contrast, _______ are unique type of stereoisomers whose structure are non-superimposable reflections of each other.

Water

The byproduct of dehydration synthesis is_______.

Hydrophoic/non-polar

Which of the following terms describes fatty acids.

Carbohydrates

Energy storage, receptor, food, structural role in plants. Fungal cell walls, exoskeletons of insects.

Lipids

Energy storage, membrane structure, insulation, hormones, pigments,

Nucleic Acid

Storage and transfer of genetic information

Proteins

Enzymes, structure, receptors, transport, structural role in the cytoskeleton of a cell and extracellular matrix.

False

True or False: Polysaccharides contain ester linkages

Carboxyl Group (-COOH)

Amino Group (-NH₂)

Side chains

Hydrogen atom

What makes up all amino acids?

A sequence of amino acids

What does a primary protein structure consist of?

True

True or False: bacteria contain the molecule hopene

Which of the following biochemistry techniques exist

Carbohydrate analysis

MALDI-TOF

PFLA
FAME
Proteomic analysis

C (Carbon)

Which of these elements is not a micronutrient?

Enantiomers

Which of the following is the name for molecules whose structures are nonsuperimposable mirror images?

Carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

By definition, carbohydrates contain which elements?