Cell Biology: Mitochondria, Plastids, and Lysosomal Enzymes

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on lecture notes covering the structure and function of mitochondria, plastids, and the role of lysosomal enzymes in cellular maintenance and fertilisation.

Lysosomal enzymes

Enzymes found in human sperm cells and damaged cell parts that help in breaking down materials, such as the outer layer of an egg during fertilisation.

Mitochondria

Often called 'powerhouses of the cell', these organelles supply energy for most cellular activities and are surrounded by two membranes.

Outer membrane (Mitochondria)

The smooth and porous outer boundary of a mitochondrion.

Cristae

Finger-like projections formed by the inner membrane of mitochondria that increase surface area for chemical reactions and facilitate energy production.

Cellular respiration

A process in which glucose and other molecules are broken down to release energy within the mitochondria.

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

A molecule that acts as the energy currency and is used for most cellular activities.

Plastids

Special organelles found in plant cells used for food synthesis and storage.

Chloroplasts

Double-membrane-bound organelles (a type of plastid) where green chlorophyll absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis.

Stroma

A semi-fluid substance found inside the chloroplast surrounding membrane structures.

Chlorophyll

A green pigment present in chloroplasts that absorbs light energy necessary for plants to prepare food.