[1] Algorithms and Flowcharts

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37 Terms

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  1. Problem solving phase

  2. Implementation phase

A typical programming task can be divided into two phases

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Problem solving phase

produce an ordered sequence of steps that describe solution of problem

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Algorithm

sequence of steps that describe solution of problem

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Implementation phase

implement the program in some programming language

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  1. First produce a general algorithm (one can use pseudocode)

  2. Refine the algorithm successively to get step by step detailed algorithm that is very close to a computer language

Steps in Problem Solving

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Pseudocode

an artificial and informal language that helps programmers develop algorithms

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Pseudocode

very similar to everyday English

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Flowchart

a schematic representation of a sequence of operations, as in a manufacturing process or computer program (dictionary)

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Flowchart

a graphical representation of the sequence of operations in an information system or program (technical)

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  1. Information System Flowchart

  2. Program Flowchart

Two Types of Flowchart

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Information System Flowchart

shows how data flows from source documents through the computer to final distribution to users

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Program Flowchart

shows the sequence of instructions in a single program or subroutine

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True

True or False?

Different symbols are used to draw each type of flowchart.

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Flowchart

shows logic of an algorithm

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Flowchart

emphasizes individual steps and their interconnections

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Flowchart

its example is control flow from one action to the next

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<p>Oval or Terminal Symbol</p>

Oval or Terminal Symbol

denotes the beginning or end of the program

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<p>Parallelogram or Input-output Symbol</p>

Parallelogram or Input-output Symbol

denotes an input operation

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<p>Rectangle or Process Symbol</p>

Rectangle or Process Symbol

denotes a process to be carried out e.g. addition, subtraction, division, etc.

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<p>Diamond or Selection Symbol</p>

Diamond or Selection Symbol

denotes a decision (or branch) to be made

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<p>Diamond or Selection Symbol</p>

Diamond or Selection Symbol

in using this symbol, the program should continue along one of two routes (e.g. if/then/else)

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Flowchart

a graph used to depict or show a step by step solution using symbols which represent a task

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Symbols

consist or geometrical shapes that are connected by flow lines

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Flowchart

it is an alternative to pseudocoding

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pseudocode; flowchart

a _________ description is verbal, a _________ is graphical in nature

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<p>Terminal Symbol</p>

Terminal Symbol

indicates the beginning and end points of an algorithm

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<p>Process Symbol</p>

Process Symbol

shows an instruction other than input, output, or selection

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<p>Input-output Symbol</p>

Input-output Symbol

shows an input or an output operation

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<p>Disk storage I/O Symbol</p>

Disk storage I/O Symbol

indicates input from or output to disk storage

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<p>Printer Output Symbol</p>

Printer Output Symbol

shows hardcopy printer output

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<p>Selection symbol</p>

Selection symbol

shows a selection process for two-way selection

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<p>Off-page connector</p>

Off-page connector

provides continuation of a logical path on another page

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<p>On-page connector</p>

On-page connector

provides continuation of logical path at another point in the same page

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<p>Flow lines</p>

Flow lines

indicate the logical sequence of execution steps in the algorithm

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Sequence Control Structure

What do you call this flowchart structure?

<p>What do you call this flowchart structure?</p>
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Selection Control Structure

What do you call this flowchart structure?

<p>What do you call this flowchart structure?</p>
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Repetition Control Structure

What do you call this flowchart structure?

<p>What do you call this flowchart structure?</p>