8-22 Sustainable Forestry and the Green Revolution

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Ecologically sustainable forestry

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19 Terms

1

Ecologically sustainable forestry

Removes trees from the forest in ways that do not cause a large impact on other trees and tries to keep plants and animals in as natural a state as possible

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2

Using recycled wood or reusing

  • Wood can be chipped and used for mulch

  • Reforestation

  • Removing diseased trees to prevent spread of infection

  • Selective cutting

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3

Reforestation

Replanting trees in an area that has been logged

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4

Fire suppression

  • Stopping natural fires by putting out forest fires as soon as they start

  • Adds biomass buildup which can lead to bigger fires

  • Better to monitor to prevent damage and worse fires in future

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5

Prescribed burns

  • Dead biomass builds up and provides fuel for fires

  • Small controlled fires will burn up the extra fuel load (dead biomass)

  • Helps to promote nutrient cycling

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6

The Green Revolution

Shift from small family farms (subsistence) to
large industrialized farms (spread to the developing world in the 1940s)

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7

What crops are associated with the Green Revolution

Wheat, corn, and rice

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8

What did the Green Revolution depend on

  • Synthetic fertilizers

  • Chemical pesticides

  • Irrigation

  • Machinery

  • Genetically modified organisms (GMO)

  • Fossil fuel use for machinery

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9

Norman Borlaug

Started the Green Revolution and won a Nobel Peace Prize for his work

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10

Mechanization can increase profits and efficiency of farms but

also reliance on fossil fuels

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11

Positive effects of mechanization on the environment

  • Prevented some deforestation and land conversion

  • Preserved biodiversity and ecosystems

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12

Negative effects of mechanization on natural resources

  • Pollution, erosion

  • Salinization, desertification

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13

Transgenic organism

an organism that contains DNA from another species

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14

Genetically modified organism (GMO)

organisms that have been genetically
engineered by recombinant DNA (new genes spliced into their genome)

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15

Environmental benefits of genetic engineering

  • Reduced use of chemical insecticides

  • Increased no-till farming

  • Decreased irrigation, deforestation, land conversion

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16

Negatives of genetic engineering

Increased herbicide use affects health and habitats
Some GM fields support less biodiversity

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17

GMO crops have genes for

  • Drought resistance

  • Pest resistance

  • Faster growth

  • Larger fruit/grain

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18

GMO example

Bt corn

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19

Bt corn

has been modified with a gene from soil bacteria (Bacillus thuringiensis) to produce a protein that kills many different corn pests

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