Solubility of Ionic Compounds

Nitrate (NO₃⁻)

All nitrates are soluble.

Chloride (Cl⁻)

Most chlorides are soluble, except lead(II) chloride (PbCl₂) and silver chloride (AgCl), which are insoluble.

Sulfate (SO₄²⁻)

Most sulfates are soluble, except lead(II) sulfate (PbSO₄), barium sulfate (BaSO₄), and calcium sulfate (CaSO₄), which are insoluble or slightly soluble.

Carbonate (CO₃²⁻)

Most carbonates are insoluble, except sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃), potassium carbonate (K₂CO₃), and ammonium carbonate ((NH₄)₂CO₃), which are soluble.

Hydroxide (OH⁻)

Most hydroxides are insoluble, except sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH), which are soluble; calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) is slightly soluble.

Ammonium (NH₄⁺)

All ammonium compounds are soluble.

Sodium (Na⁺)

All sodium compounds are soluble.

Potassium (K⁺)

All potassium compounds are soluble.

Barium (Ba²⁺)

Barium sulfate (BaSO₄) and barium carbonate (BaCO₃) are insoluble; barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂) is soluble.

Calcium (Ca²⁺)

Calcium sulfate (CaSO₄) and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) are insoluble; calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) is slightly soluble.

Magnesium (Mg²⁺)

Magnesium carbonate (MgCO₃) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) are insoluble.

Aluminium (Al³⁺)

Aluminium carbonate (Al₂(CO₃)₃) and aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)₃) are insoluble.

Zinc (Zn²⁺)

Zinc carbonate (ZnCO₃) and zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)₂) are insoluble.

Iron (Fe²⁺ / Fe³⁺)

Iron(II) carbonate (FeCO₃), iron(II) hydroxide (Fe(OH)₂), and iron(III) hydroxide (Fe(OH)₃) are insoluble.

Lead (Pb²⁺)

All lead compounds are insoluble, except lead(II) nitrate (Pb(NO₃)₂), which is soluble.

Copper (Cu²⁺)

Copper(II) carbonate (CuCO₃) and copper(II) hydroxide (Cu(OH)₂) are insoluble.

Silver (Ag⁺)

Silver chloride (AgCl) is insoluble, silver sulfate (Ag₂SO₄) is slightly soluble, and silver nitrate (AgNO₃) is soluble.