Anatomy- Chapter 6- Skeletal System

Notes to help study for the Anatomage tournament, and for the test

Fontanel- a membrane-covered opening in bone or between bones.

Fracture- Break of bone or other body part.

Frontal- relating to the forehead or front part of the skull.

Gliding joint- an articulation between 2 flat bones of similar size.

Gout- a type of arthritis. It occurs when uric acid builds up in the blood and causes inflammation in the joints.

Hammer toe- an unusual bend in the middle joint of a toe.

Hematopoietic- An immature cell that can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

Hinge joint- a bone joint in which the articular surfaces are molded to each other in such a manner as to permit motion only in one plane.

Humerus- your upper arm bone.

Hyoid- a U-shaped bone in the neck which supports the tongue.

Ilium- the broad, upper, and largest of the three bones composing either side of the pelvis.

Inferior concha- a scroll-shaped, paired bone that rests at the lateral wall of the nasal cavity.

Ischium- a paired bone of the pelvis that forms the lower and back part of the hip bone, as well as the posterior and inferior boundary of the obturator foramen.

Joint- the areas where 2 or more bones meet.

Kyphosis- excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back.

Lacrimals- of, relating to, associated with, located near, or constituting the glands that produce tears.

Lordosis- excessive inward curvature of the spine.

Lumbar vertebrae-the lumbar spine consists of the five bones (vertebra) in the lower back. The lumbar vertebrae, known as L1 to L5, are the largest of the entire spine.

Mandible- the largest and strongest bone of the human skull. It is commonly known as the lower jaw and is located inferior to the maxilla. It is composed of a horseshoe-shaped body which lodges the teeth, and a pair of rami which projects upwards to form a temporomandibular joint.

Manubrium- the uppermost segment of the sternum of humans and many other mammals that is a somewhat triangular flattened bone with anterolateral borders which articulate with the clavicles.

Maxillas- The bones that form the upper part of the jaw, the roof of the mouth, and parts of the eye socket and nose.

Medullary canal- the marrow cavity of a bone.

Metacarpal- a group of five bones of the hand between the phalanges and the carpus.

Metatarsal- refer to the five long bones found in each foot.

Nasal- Nose bone.

Obturator foramen- a large opening in the hipbone between the pubis and the ischium.

Occipital- of or relating to the back part of the head or skull or to the occipital bone.

Ossification- the natural process of bone formation b : the hardening (as of muscular tissue) into a bony substance 2. a mass or particle of ossified tissue.

Osteoarthritis- a degenerative joint disease, in which the tissues in the joint break down over time.

Osteoblast- the cells required for bone synthesis and mineralization.

Osteoclast- a type of bone cell that breaks down bone tissue.

Osteomyelitis- inflammation or swelling that occurs in the bone. It can result from an infection somewhere else in the body that has spread to the bone, or it can start in the bone — often as a result of an injury.

Osteoporosis- a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.

Osteosarcoma- A cancer of the bone that usually affects the large bones of the arm or leg.

Palatines- a paired bone located between the maxillae and the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone.

Patella- the bone at the front of your knee joint.

Periosteum- a fibrous sheath that covers bones.

Phalanges- The bones of the fingers and of the toes.

Pivot joint- a synovial joint in which the ends of two bones connect. In this joint, a cylinder-shaped bone rotates inside another ligament that forms a ring around the joint.

Pronation- Rotation of the forearm and hand so that the palm is down (and the corresponding movement of the foot and leg with the sole down), as opposed to supination.

Pubis- forms the lower and anterior part of each side of the hip bone.

Radius- one of the two large bones of the forearm.

Rheumatoid arthritis- a chronic progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers, wrists, feet, and ankles.

Rickets- A condition in children in which bones become soft and deformed because they don't have enough calcium and phosphorus.

Rotation- the twisting movement produced by the summation of the small rotational movements available between adjacent vertebrae.

Sacrum- the triangular bone just below the lumbar vertebrae.

Scapulae- shoulder blades.

Talus- the large bone in the ankle that articulates with the tibia of the leg and the calcaneum and navicular bone of the foot.