Chapter 23 Glossary Terms

Abduction

moving a body part away from an axis or the median line

Adduction

moving a body part toward the center or toward the median line

Ankylosis

immobility, consolidation, and fixation of a joint because of disease, injury, or surgery; most often due to chronic rheumatoid arthritis

Ataxia

inability to perform coordinated movements

Bursa

enclosed sac filled with viscous fluid located in joint areas of potential friction

Circumduction

moving the arm in a circle around the shoulder

Crepitation

dry crackling sound or sensation due to grating of the ends of the damaged bone

Dorsal

directed toward or located on the surface

Dupuytren Contracture

flexion contracture of the fingers due to chronic hyperplasia of the palmar fascia

Eversion

moving the sole of the foot outward at the ankle

Extension

straightening a limb at a joint

Flexion

bending a limb at a joint

Ganglion

round, cystic, nontender nodule overlying a tendon sheath or joint capsule, usually on the dorsum of wrist

Hallux Valgus

lateral or outward deviation of the great toe

Inversion

moving the sole of the foot inward at the ankle

Kyphosis

outward or convex curvature of the thoracic spine; hunchback

Ligament

fibrous band running directly from one bone to another bone that strengthens the joint

Lordosis

inward or concave curvature of the sumbar spine

Nucleus Pulposus

center of the intervertebral disc

Olecranon Process

bony projection of the ulna at the elbow

Patella

kneecap

Plantar

refers to the surface of the sole of the foot

Pronation

turning the forearm so that the palm is down

Protraction

moving a body part forward and parallel to the ground

Range of Motion (ROM)

extend of movement of a joint

Retraction

moving a body part backward and parallel to the ground

Rheumatoid Arthritis

chronic systems inflammatory disease of joints and surrounding connective tissue

Sciatica

nerve pain along the course of the sciatic nerve that travels down from the back or thright through the leg and into the foot

Scoliosis

S-shaped curvature of the thoracic spine

Supination

turning the forearm so that the palm is up

Talipes Equinovarus

(clubfoot) congenital deformity of the foot in which it is plantar flexed and inverted

Tendon

strong fibrous cord that attaches a skeletal muscle to a bone