Chemistry of Life 2.2: Water, Solutions, Acid/Base/PH,

What is a mixture?

Substances that are physically blended but not chemically combined. Each substance retains it’s own chemical properties.

Hydrophilic vs Hydrophobic

• Hydrophilic is attracted to water, will dissolve within

• Hydrophobic will not dissolve into water

Solutions

Particles of matter (solute) mixed into a more abundant substance (solvent)

The solute and solvent cannot be distinguished from one another

Usually transparent

They do not separate from one another

Colloids

Mixtures with larger molecules

Can be cloudy

Too large to pass through permeable membranes

Small enough to remain permanently mixed

Suspension

Blood cells in bloom plasma

Are big

Too heavy to remain permanently suspended, so separate when standing still

Emulsion

Suspension of one liquid in another

oil and vinegar

Acid

Proton donor, molecules that release a proton into water

Base

Proton acceptor

pH Scale: Neutral, Acidic, Basic

Ranges from 0 - 14

Acidic: pH of 6 and below (milk 6.3 - 6.6, coffee, bread 5.0, bananas or tomatoes 4.7, wine/vinegar 2.4-3.5, lemon juice 2.3, gastric juice 0.9 - 3.0, and hydrolic acid 0)

Neutral: pH of 7 (water 7.0)

Basic: pH of 8 and higher (egg white 8, household bleach 9.5, household ammonia 10.5-11, oven cleaner or lye 13.4, sodium hydroxide 14)

What is the normal pH of blood?

7.35 - 7.45 - deviations can cause tremors, fainting, paralysis, or even death