Intro Unit

What is Earth Science?

the study of Earth’s materials and processes

What realms are Earth Science divided into?

astronomy, geology, meteorology, and oceanography

astronomy

study of space and Earth’s place in space

fusion

when different gases join together and energy is released (main fuel from our sun)

geology

study of Earth’s surface and interior

meteorology

study of weather and the atmosphere

oceanography

study of the physical ocean

What is density?

the amount of matter (mass) in a given space

What is the formula for density?

Density=mass/volume or D=m/v

What is mass?

the amount of matter an object has

How do you measure mass?

measured in grams (g) using an instrument called a triple beam balance

What is volume?

the amount of space, measured in cubic unit, that an object or substance occupies

How do you measure volume?

measured in liters or cubic centimeters 1mL=1cm³

How do you find the volume of a regular solid with flat sides?

use the formula V=LxWxH

How do you find the volume of an irregular shaped solid?

use water displacement method

What is water displacement method?

A technique where you put an object in water, which causes the water to rise. You then subtract the new height of water from the old one and that is the volume of the object

What is the densest state of matter?

a solid

What is the least dense state of matter?

gas

True or false: water is the only substance that is most dense as a liquid?

true

density of water at room temperature

1.0 g/cm³

Is density affected by the size or shape of an object?

no

What do less dense substances do?

float on those with higher density

What is the ability to float called?

buoyancy

What do we change when we change the size or shape of an object?

volume and mass

What are the only things that can change the density of a substance?

a change in pressure or temperature

What happens when you squeeze an object?

you increase the pressure

What does increasing the pressure do to the volume (size) of the object?

it decreases

What does increasing the pressure do to the mass (# of molecules) in an object?

remains the same

What does increasing the pressure do to the density of the object?

it increases

What happens to density when pressure in decreased?

it decreases

What happens to molecules when they heat up?

they start to move faster because they have more energy

What kind of molecules are farther apart?

faster-moving molecules

What kind of molecules are closer together?

slower-moving molecules

What happens to an object’s molecules when it is heated?

they spread out

What happens to an object’s molecules when it is cooled?

they move closer together

What happens to an object’s density when it is heated?

the density decreases

What happens to an object’s density when it is cooled?

the density increases

What will an object do if its density is greater than 1 g/cm³?

sink

What will an object do if its density is less than 1 g/cm³?

float

What will an object do if its density is equal to 1 g/cm³?

remain suspended

equation for finding mass using density

m=vd

equation for finding volume using density

v=m/d

How many mm are in a cm?

10 mm in 1 cm

What instrument is used to measure mass?

triple beam balance

What instrument would you use to measure the volume of a regular solid?

a ruler

What instrument would you use to measure the volume of an irregular solid?

water displacement method

How do substances with different densities interact with each other?

the lower density liquid would sit on top of the higher density liquid

Why does hot air rise?

because it is less dense than cold air

Object A and B have the same mass, but object A has a lower volume than object B. Which one has a greater density?

Object A

Object A and B have the same volume, but object A has a lower mass than object B. Which one has a greater density?

Object B

What should you do when glass breaks during a lab?

report it to the teacher immediately

Should you eat or drink during a lab?

no

How should you behave when doing a lab?

in a calm, responsible, and focused manner

Should you read lab directions?

yes

What happens if you spill water on the floor during a lab?

ask for the teachers help with cleaning it up