Meiosis and Genetic Diversity (Blitz)

A set of flashcards focusing on key concepts related to meiosis and genetic diversity.

Meiosis

A process that reduces chromosome number by half to create gametes.

Gametes

Reproductive cells (egg and sperm) that contain half the number of chromosomes.

Chromosome Reduction

The process during meiosis where the number of chromosomes is halved.

Independent Assortment

The random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes during meiosis.

Crossing-over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis, increasing genetic diversity.

Genetic Diversity

The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species.

Monohybrid Cross

A genetic cross between parents that differ in a single trait.

Dihybrid Cross

A genetic cross between parents that differ in two traits.

Non-Mendelian Traits

Traits that do not follow Mendel's laws of inheritance, such as incomplete dominance and codominance.

Incomplete Dominance

A genetic situation where one allele is not completely dominant over another, resulting in a blended phenotype.

Codominance

A genetic scenario where both alleles contribute equally to the phenotype.

Sex-linked Traits

Traits that are associated with genes found on sex chromosomes, often X-linked.

Multiple Alleles

A situation in which three or more alleles exist for a single gene.

Variation in Offspring

The differences among individuals in a population due to genetic variation.

Predicting Outcomes

The ability to determine the genetic combinations and their possible traits in offspring based on parental genotypes.

Mendelian Traits

Traits that follow the principles established by Gregor Mendel, including dominance and segregation.

Homologous Chromosomes

Pairs of chromosomes that are similar in shape, size, and genetic content.

Genetic Makeup

The genetic composition of an individual, including all of its genes and alleles.

Reproductive Strategy

The method by which an organism produces offspring, including sexual reproduction.

Meiosis Purpose

To create genetically unique gametes for sexual reproduction.