Anatomy and Physiology Integumentary system quiz

What are the 4 main functions of the integumentary system?

Thermoregulation, Protection, Sensation, and Vitamin D Production.

What tissue type makes up the epidermis?

Stratified squamous epithelium.

the epidermis has blood vessels

False

What kind of cells make up the epidermis?

Dead skin cells 

What tissue type makes up the dermis?

Dense irregular collagenous connective tissue.

What tissue types make up the hypodermis?

Areolar and adipose

What is the function of the hypodermis?

Connects the skin to the body and contains major blood vessels.

What are the 4 major structures found in the dermis?

Hair, glands, blood vessels, and sensory nerves.

What is the function of hair in the dermis?

temperature regulation, insulation, and sensing vibrations.

What are the two types of glands in the dermis?

Sebaceous (oil) and eccrine (sweat)

What is the function of sweat glands?

Cool the body through evaporation.

What is the function of oil (sebaceous) glands?

Keep dead skin cells together and protect from foreign substances entering.

What is the function of blood vessels in the dermis?

Bring nutrients and fluids to skin cells.

Why do you bleed when you cut into the dermis but not the epidermis?

Because blood vessels are located in the dermis, not the epidermis.

What is the function of sensory nerves in the dermis?

Sense temperature, pain, and touch.

What do Meissner’s corpuscles sense?

Light touch.

What do Pacinian corpuscles sense?

Deep pressure.

Why isn’t the boundary between the dermis and epidermis flat?

To prevent the layers from slipping apart

What are dermal papillae?

Bumps in the dermis that form fingerprints and strengthen the connection to the epidermis.

What causes blisters?

Intense or prolonged friction causing the epidermis to separate from the dermis, allowing fluid to enter.

Where do scars form?

In the dermis

What causes fingerprints?

The pattern of dermal papillae.

What is found in the hypodermis?

Adipose tissue mixed with areolar tissue and major blood vessels.

Where is most of the fat in your body found?

Directly under the skin in the hypodermis.

What are the 5 layers of the epidermis (from surface to deep)

Stratum corneum, stratum lucidum (palms/soles only), stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, and stratum basale.

What is the main job of the stratum basale?

Reproduction—new skin cells are born here and move upward.

What are the main cell types in the stratum basale?

Keratinocytes and melanocytes.

What do keratinocytes do?

Make keratin, a protein that gives strength to the skin.

What do melanocytes do?

Produce melanin, the pigment that colors the skin and protects from UV rays.

What causes albinism?

Malfunctioning melanocytes.

What happens in the stratum spinosum?

Cells mature and start producing keratin;

What causes tanning?

UV radiation stimulating excess melanin production.

What happens in the stratum granulosum?

Cells show keratin granules, have little moisture, and are on the verge of death.

Where is the stratum lucidum found?

Only on the palms of hands and soles of feet.

What happens in the stratum lucidum?

Cells transition from the granulosum to the corneum, thickening the skin and reducing pigment.

Where are sebaceous glands found?

Over the entire body except the palms and soles.

What type of glands are sebaceous glands?

Simple alveolar

What substance do sebaceous glands secrete?

Sebum, an oily substance.

What are the functions of sebum?

Softens and lubricates hair and skin, waterproofs skin, and collects dirt.