EOY3 Arabic Flashcards

What is the effect of the Harf Mushabbahah bil Fi'l (HMBF)?

It changes the previous Mubtada to Nasb and the Mubtada becomes the Ism of the HMBF.

Changes the previous Khabr to a Raf' and the Khabr becomes the Khabr of the HMBF.

What does اِنَّ mean?

Indeed

What does اَنَّ mean?

That

What does كَأنَّ mean?

As if

What does لَيتَ mean?

If only

What does لَعَلَّ mean?

Maybe

What does أصبح mean?

It is a Fi'l Nāqis which means, "in the morning".

What does ما زال mean?

It is a Fi'l Nāqis which means, "still" or "to continue to do".

What does ليس mean:

It is a Fi'l Nāqis which means, "Nothing" or “Not”.

What is the difference between اِنَّ and اَنَّ?

- The word اِنَّ is generally used at the beginning of a sentence.

- The word اَنَّ is generally used in the middle of a sentence.

Where do اَنْ and لَنْ appear?

They appear before a Fi'l Mudāri'.

What are the effects of الحروف ناصبة such as (ان/لن)?

- Give the last letter (of f'il) a fathah if there is no added ن.

- If there is an added ن, it gets dropped unless it is plural feminine.

What is the effect of لم to a Fi'l Mudāri'?

- Give the last letter (of Fi'l) a sākin if there is no added ن.

- If there is an added ن, it gets dropped (unless it is plural feminine.)

When is اَنْ hidden in a verb?

- When the verb is afterحَتّٰى

- When the verb is after اَوْ

What is the meaning of ان hidden in a verb after او?

It has the meanings:

- until

- but that

- unless

How do you make an Ism Faa'il in Mazeed Fihi?

1. Conjugate verb to Mudāri' - يَفَعِّلُ

2. Remove sign of Mudāri' - فَعِّلُ

3. Put a م with Dammah at start - مُفَعِّلُ

4. Give the middle letter (of verb) a Kasrah - مُفَعِّلُ

5. Add tanween at the end - مُفَعِّلٌ

How do you make an Ism Maf'ool in Mazeed Fihi?

1. Conjugate verb to Mudāri' - يَفَعِّلُ

2. Remove sign of Mudāri' - فَعِّلُ

3. Put a م with Dammah at start - مُفَعِّلُ

4. Give the middle letter (of verb) a fathah - مُفَعَّلُ

5. Add tanween at the end - مُفَعَّلٌ

How do you make an Ism Fā'il in Verb Form 1?

Conjugate the verb into the form فاعل

How do you make an Ism Maf'ūl in Verb Form 1?

Conjugate the verb into the form مفعول

What do all the Maf'ūls and Hāl have in common?

Maf'ūls and Hāl are always mansūb

What is Hāl?

It is a noun, which describes the condition of either the Faa'il or the Maf'ūl or both at the time the action takes place

Give examples of Hāl:

Zayd came while mounted/riding - جاء زيد راكبا

I came to Zayd while he was sleeping - جءت زيدا ناءما

I spoke to Zayd while both of us were sitting - كلّمت زيدا جالسين

What is Maf'ūl Bihi?

- Maf'ūl Bihi is the object of a verb.

- It is always in the state of Nasb

What is Maf'ūl Fihi?

Maf'ūl Fihi is a noun which indicates the time or place in which an action took place.

Give an example of Maf'ūl Fihi for time:

I travelled for a month - سافرت شهرا

What is Maf'ūl Mutlaq?

It is the Masdar of the verb and is used for:

- emphasis

- description of type

- number of times

Give examples of Maf'ūl Mutlaq for emphasis, type and number:

- Emphasis - ضربته ضربا

- Description of type - جلست جلسة القارئ

- Number of times - ضربته ضربتين

What is Maf'ūl Lahu?

It is a noun which explains the reason for an action taking place.

Give an example of Maf'ūl Lahu:

ضربته تأديبا - I hit him to teach [him] manners

What is a Maf'ūl Ma'ahu? {Rare}

It is a noun which appears after a و and has the meaning of "مع" (with). It is the rarest of the المفاعيل الخمسة

Give examples of Maf'ūl Ma'ahu:

Zayd came with the book - جاء زيد والكتاب

I came with Zayd - جِئْتُ و زيدا

What is a taabi' (plural tawaabi')?

A noun which follows the noun before it in terms of i'rāb, gender, definitiveness, number

What is Badl?

This is a "follower" which says what is intended in the sentence and the "followed" is mentioned only for introduction.

How do you form an Amr (command)?

1. Convert to Mudari' - يَفْعَلُ

2. Drop the (first) letter of Mudari' (ي،ت،ا،ن) - فْعَلُ

3. Make the change to last letter - فْعَلْ

4. If the word is unreadable, add Hamzatul Wasl to the beginning - إفْعَلْ

What is the rule for Hamzatul Wasl?

It only joins a verb if the verb can't be pronounced otherwise. If the third letter has a dhammah, the Hamza gets a dhammah. Otherwise, it gets a kasrah.

What does مَن mean?

- Those who

- The one who

What does ما mean?

- What

- Negator

What does الذي mean?

He who

What does التي mean?

She who

How many causes are there for being Ghair Munsarrif?

9 causes

Explain عدل

There are two types:

- When the Ism has a known original.

- When the Ism is assumed to have had an original.

What is an example of the first kind of عدل?

The word ثُلَاثَ used to be ثلاثة و ثلاثة.

What is an example of the second type of عدل?

- The Arabs use the name عمر as Ghair Munsarrif.

- However the word only seems to follow one cause of Ghair Munsarrif (علم).

- So it is assumed the Ism is also عدل and used to be عامر.

Explain علم

Hint: Shankran

- The most common reason for being Ghair Munsarrif.

- When an Ism is a proper noun.

Give examples of علم:

Name of a region in Yemen - حضرموت

Female name - فاطمة

Which causes are equivalent to 2 causes on their own

جمع منتهى الجموع (super plural)

Alif Maqsūrat (ىٰ) and Alif Mamdūdat (اء)

Give examples of تأبيث which counts as two reasons:

حمراء - Red

حبلٰى - Pregnant

Explain عجمة:

When a non-Arabic علم has:

- More than three letters (إبرحيم).

- Has three letters and the middle letter has a harakah. (So نوح does not count because it has a sākin).

Explain تركيب

When a word which is علم is a combination of two words.

What are examples of تركيب?

Name of a city in Lebanon - بعلبكّ

Name of a region in Yemen - حضرموت

Give examples of Alif wa nūn za'idatān:

عمران

عثمان

سكران

سفيان

Give an example of each type of وزن فعل:

لست بأسبق من أحمَدَ.

جاء يزيد.

Explain جمع منتهى الجموع: (2 causes)

A plural, which after its alif of plurality has one of the following:

- Two letters with harakat: مساجد

- One letter with a shaddah: دوابُّ

- Three letters with the middle one being sākin: مفاتيح

What do the Af'āl al-Qulūb have?

2 Maf'ūls

What does ظن mean with an example?

It is from the Af'āl Qulūb and it means "He thought [that]".

Example: He thought the house is big - ظن البيت كبربا

What does وجد mean with an example?

It is from the Af'āl Qulūb and it means "He found" / to exist".

Example: He found the lesson easy - وجد الدرس سهلا

What does حسب mean?

It is from the Af'āl Qulūb and it means "To calculate/ measure/ value (high regard)".

What does جعل mean with an example?

It is from the Af'āl Qulūb and it means "He made"

Example: Allah made the Earth an entrustment - و جعل الله الأرض أمانة.

What does اتّخذ mean?

It is from the Af'āl Qulūb and it means "To take [on]/ adopt [a resolution]".

What does علم mean (not Ghair Munsarrif rule)?

It is from the Af'āl Qulūb and it means "He knew [that]/ to be aware".

What relationship do the two maf'ūls of an Af'āl Qūlub have?

They have a similar relationship to that of a Mubtada and a Khabr.

What is the difference between لم and لَنْ?

لم means "did not" however لَنْ means will not

لم makes Mudari' verb majzūm

لَنْ makes a Mudari' verb Mansūb

What is the effect of باب اِفعَال?

Causative

What is the Mādhī of باب افعال?

اَفْعَلَ

What is the Mudāri' of باب افعال?

يُفْعِلُ

What is the effect of باب تفعيل?

Emphatic

What is the Mādhī of باب تفعيل?

فعّل

What is the Mudāri' of باب تفعيل?

يُفَعِّلُ

What is the effect of باب مفاعل?

Mutual

What is the Mādhī of باب مفاعل?

فَاعَلَ

What is the Mudāri' of باب مفاعل?

يُفاعِلُ

What is the effect of باب تَفعُّل?

Emphatic

What is the Mādhī of ٌباب تَفَعُّل?

تفعّل

What is the Mudāri' of باب تَفعُّل?

يَتَفَعّلُ

What is the effect of باب مُتَفَاعَل?

Mutual

What is the Mādhī of باب متفاعل?

تفاعل

What is the Mudāri' of باب متفاعل?

يتَفَاعل

What is the Mustathnā? (مسثنىٰ)

The thing which is excepted

What is Mustathnā minhu? (مسثنىٰ منه)

The thing which is excepted from

What makes a Harf Istithnā sentence complete (تامّ)

If the مسثنىٰ منه minhu mentioned

What makes a Harf Istithnā sentence incomplete (ناقِص)

If the مسثنىٰ منه is not mentioned

If a sentence is complete (تام) + positive (موجب), what state will the mustathnā be in?

The mustathnā will be in a state of nasb
e.g. حَضَرَ الطُّلّابُ اِلّا زيدًا

If a sentence is complete (تام) + negative (غير موجب), what state will the mustathnā be in?

The mustathnā will be in a state of raf' or nasb
e.g. ما حَضَرَ الطُّلّابُ اِلّا زيدًا / زيدٌ

If a sentence is incomplete (ناقص) + negative (غير موجب ), what state will the mustathnā be in?

The mustathnā will be in a state of raf'
ما جاءَ اِلّا زَيدٌ

What is the effect of a harf Jarr on a verb?

There is a hidden ان after the harf jarr, so the verb becomes mansūb
e.g. ليدخلَ →يدخلُ

What are the rules for tamyeez?

Tamyeez is always mansūb
Tamyeez is always singular

What are the different ways to identify tamyeez?

1. Amount - e.g. شربتُ بِكوبٍ ماءً - the verb 'كوب' refers to the amount of water (a cup), tamyeez (ماء) is singular + mansūb

2. كم - this means how, e.g. كَمْ كُوبًا (how many cups?), but 'كوب' is singular + mansūb

3. Wazn of 'اَفعَلَ مِنْ' - e.g. اَنا اَكثَرَ مِنْكَ مالا ( I am richer than you) مال = tamyeez

4. Numbers 11-99 - اَحَدَ عَشَرَ كَوكَبًا (eleven stars), 'كوكبا' = tamyeez

A verb which has a weak letter (و/ي) in the ع kalimah (2nd position)
e.g. قول

A verb which has a weak letter (و/ي) in the ع kalimah (2nd position)
e.g. قول

What are the three baabs in ajwaf?

- Baab نَصَرَ/ يَنْصُرُ - where the weak letter is a و
- Baab ضَرَبَ/ يَضْرِبُ - where the weak letter is a ي
- Baab سَمِعَ/ يَسْمَعُ - where the weak letter is a و / ي

When does the weak letter turn to an alif in an ajwaf verb?

When the weak letter has a harakah and the letter before it has fathah

What is اجتماع الساكنين?

When two saakins are next to each other

What harakah does the ف kalimah get if it is from Baab نَصَرَ/ يَنْصُرُ? (active maadi)

It gets a dhammah

What harakah does the ف kalimah get if it is from Baab ضَرَبَ/ يَضْرِبُ and why? (active maadi)

It gets a kasrah, this is to distinguish between Baab نَصَرَ/ يَنْصُرُ and this baab

What harakah does the ف kalimah get if it is from Baab سَمِعَ/ يَسْمَعُ ? (active maadi)

It also gets a kasrah, the reason for this is too complicated

What happens if there are 2 saakins next to each other in the different ajwaf baabs? (active)

Baab نَصَرَ/ يَنْصُرُ - alif is removed, previous letter gets dhammah
Baab ضَرَبَ/ يَضْرِبُ - alif is removed, previous letter gets kasrah
Baab سَمِعَ/ يَسْمَعُ - alif is removed, previous letteer gets fattah

Steps of converting ajwaf from active to passive

1. Put verb on the wazn of فُعِلَ
2. Give ف kalimah a kasrah, and ع kalimah a sukoon

What happens if there are 2 saakins next to each other in the different ajwaf baabs? (passive)

It will be whatever it is not in active
e.g. if it had a kasrah it would have a dhammah and vice versa

What are two types of ثلاثي verbs (3 letter)?

1. مُجَرَّد - only core letters e.g. نَصَرَ
2. مَزِيد فِيه - core letters + extra letters e.g. اَنْصَرَ

What is Fi'l Muqaarabat used for?

It is used for saying that something is really close or near (e.g. كاد = about to happen)

What is Fi'l Rajaa' used for?

• Used to hope for something (e.g. عسى = may (something happen)

• Usually has an ان after