NR 304 (Health Assessment II) Exam 2 Concept list questions and answer with detailed rationales

What are two tests that can assess Carpal Tunnel Syndrome?

- Phalen Test

- Tinel Sign Test

What does Phalen test assessment entail?

- Acute flexion of wrist at 90 degree angle

What does a positive Phalen test result in?

- numbness and burning after 60 second

What does a Tinel sign test entail?

- Percussion of the medial nerve of wrist

What does a positive Tinel test look like?

- Percussion produces numbness and burning along medial nerve

What are some risk factors for osteoporosis?

- Female

- Smoking

- Malnutrition

- Alcohol intake

- Sedentary lifestyle

- Post-menopausal women

- Low estrogen levels

What height / weight brings increased risk factors for osteoporosis?

- Small Height

- Smaller Weight

What low level of vitamins increase the risk for osteoporosis?

Decreases amounts of the following:

- Calcium

- Vitamin D

What hormone, in low levels, causes an increase in osteoporosis?

- estrogen

What is osteoporosis?

Decrease in skeletal bone mass leading to low bone mineral density

What does osteoporosis cause?

- Low mineral density (BMD)

- Impaired bone density

What are some manifestations of Osteoporosis?

- Kyphosis

- Shortening of the vertebral column

What is the number 1 way to prevent osteoporosis?

- Fast walking

What lifestyle changes can help prevent osteoporosis?

- Exercises

- Smoking cessation

- Dietary changes

- Fall prevention

What are some vitamin supplements that can help prevent osteoporosis?

Supplement the following:

- Calcium

- Vitamin D

How can one promote safety / fall protections

- build strength w/ an exercise program

What annual screening can help prevent fall protection?

- Vision screening

- Hearing screening

How can one safety proof their home?

- Increase lighting

- make stairs safer

- remove trip hazards

- install grab bars wherever needed

What is the number one tripping hazard?

- Throw rugs

What can one do with their doctor to promote safety / fall protection?

- Review medications for ones that hinder balance

What are some triggers of Acute Gout?

- Surgery

- Trauma

- Alcohol intake

- Diuretic utilization

What sustenance built up causes acute gout?

- Uric acid

What is the definition of Tophi?

- Hard nodules most often seen in the metatarsophalangeal joint of first toe

What can Chronic Gout lead to?

- Collection of sodium urate crystals in and around the impacted joint

What signs / symptoms are associated with Chronic Gout?

- Painful

- Swelling

- Joint deformity

- Inflammation

What causes the signs / symptom associated with Chronic Gout?

- The Sodium Urate Crystal build up

What discharge can be noted with Chronic Gout?

- Chalky discharge

What type of inflammation is associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

- Systemic inflammation

- Bilateral inflammation

What are some signs/symptoms associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

- Fatigue

- Weakness

- Anorexia

- Weight loss

- Low-Grade Fever

- Lymphadenopathy

What does Lymphadenopathy mean?

enlarged lymph nodes

What can Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) cause an increased risk for?

- Infections

- Osteoporosis

- Cardiac events

- Lung disease

- Lymphoma

- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

When is the pain worse for Rheumatoid Arthritis?

- Morning time

- After periods of rest

What is Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis?

- Inflammatory pain condition

What gender is more likely to experience Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

- Females

What age does Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) peak at?

- 30-60 years old

What are the possible causes of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

- Autoimmune response

- Inflammatory event

- Infection

What type of joints are associated with Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

- Soft tissue PIP joints

What type of swelling is associated with Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

- Fusiform swelling

- Spindle- Shaped swelling

What signs/symptoms are related to Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?

- Painful swelling of joints

- Hands are warm

- Veins are engorged

- Limited range of motion in inflamed joints

What is the range of motion associated to impacted Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) joints?

- Limited Range of motion

What type of disease is Osteoarthritis?

degenerative joint disease

What are some signs/symptoms of Osteoarthritis joints?

- Stiffness in joints

- Hard swelling of joints

- Bony protuberances

What are some signs/symptoms of motion with Osteoarthritis?

- Limited ROM

- Pain

What are some risk factors for Osteoarthritis?

- Older age

- Obesity

- Females

- Caucasians

- limited ROM

When is the pain worse with Osteoarthritis?

- At the end of the day

What percentage of normal is a Grade 5 muscle strength grading?

- 100%

What percentage of normal is a Grade 4 muscle strength grading?

- 75%

What percentage of normal is a Grade 3 muscle strength grading?

- 50%

What percentage of normal is a Grade 2 muscle strength grading?

- 25%

What percentage of normal is a Grade 1 muscle strength grading?

- 10%

What percentage of normal is a Grade 0 muscle strength grading?

0

How would someone describe an Grade 5 Muscle strength grading?

- Full Range of motion against gravity

- Full Range of motion against resistance

How would someone describe an Grade 4 Muscle strength grading?

- Full range of motion against gravity

- Some motion against resistance

How would someone describe an Grade 3 Muscle strength grading?

- Full Range of motion with gravity

How would someone describe an Grade 2 Muscle strength grading?

- Full Range of motion with gravity eliminated

- Full Range of motion with passive motion

How would someone describe an Grade 1 Muscle strength grading?

- Slight contraction of muscles

How would someone describe an Grade 0 Muscle strength grading?

- no contraction

What is the assessment finding associated with a Grade 5 muscle strength grading assessment?

- Normal

What is the assessment finding associated with a Grade 4 muscle strength grading assessment?

- Good

What is the assessment finding associated with a Grade 3 muscle strength grading assessment?

- Fair

What is the assessment finding associated with a Grade 2 muscle strength grading assessment?

- Poor

What is the assessment finding associated with a Grade 1 muscle strength grading assessment?

- Trace

What is the assessment finding associated with a Grade 0 muscle strength grading assessment?

- Zero

What are some causes of an Ingrown Toenail

- Tissue growing over the nail

- Trimming nail too short

- Toe crowded in shoes

What is the definition of Tremors

- Involuntary contraction of opposing muscle groups

What does tremors result in?

- rhythmic, back-and-forth movement of one or more joints

When do all tremors disappear?

- while sleeping

What is a resting tremor?

- Tremor that occurs when muscles are quiet and supports against gravity

What does voluntary movement cause with resting tremors?

- Partly or completely disappears

What is an example of a position resting tremors can occur?

- with hands in lap

What disease often is associated with resting tremors?

- Parkinson's disease

What is the definition of intention tremors?

Rhythmic, oscillatory, and high amplitude tremor during a directed and purposeful motor movement

What is the tremor rate of a resting tremor?

- 3-6 tremors / second

What is the tremor rate of a intention tremor?

- Various rates observed

What does voluntary movement cause in intention tremors?

- tremor's get worse

What is Dyskinesia's?

Repetitive stereotyped movement in the jaw, lips- tongue senile tremors accompanying movements-

What type of rigidity is present with Dyskinesia's?

No associated rigidity is present

Where are the repetitive stereotype movements located associated with Dyskinesias?

- Jaw

- Lips

- Tongue

What is the definition of a Synovial joint?

- Free moveable joint that is separated by one another and enclosed in a cavity lined with synovial membrane that secretes fluid

What type of cartilage is associated with a synovial joint?

- Avascular cartilage

what is a synovial joint surrounded by?

- ligaments

Where is a bursae located?

- area of potential friction to facilitated movement

What is the function of a bursae?

- facilitate movement between a muscle and tendons

When should a female get a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) testing?

- 65 years of age

When should a male get a Bone Mineral Density (BMD) testing?

- 70 years of age

What is the best predictor of future hip fractures?

- BMD measurement by DEXA

Who gives out BMD tests????

DEXA

What are some characteristics of a BMD test?

- Takes little time

- Noninvasive

- Low level of Radiation exposure

What does a high BMD measurement indicate?

Denser bone

What does a low BMD measurement indicate?

- High risk for Hip fractures

- High risk for vertebral fractures

What type of client should be assessed with the Functional Assessment test?

Clients with the following:

- Advanced Aging changes

- Arthritic changes

- Musculoskeletal Disabilities

What must one determine with a Functional Assessment?

-ROM assessment

- Muscle Strength assessment

What does the Functional Assessment assess?

- Adequate and Safe functions essential for independent home life

What is the name of cranial nerve I?

- Olfactory nerve

What is the name of cranial nerve II?

What is the name of cranial nerve III?

oculomotor nerve

What is the name of cranial nerve V?

- Trigeminal nevre

What is the name of cranial nerve IV?

Trochlear Nerve

What is the name of cranial nerve VI?

abducens nerve

What is the name of cranial nerve VII?

Facial nerve