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psychology
the scientific study of individual human behavior and mental processes
behavior
an action that can be observed
conformity
the way people go along with a group because of peer pressure
bystanderism
when there is a person in need of help but everyone walks past and does nothing
mental processes/ cognitive processes / internal processes
the way we think
interact
to communicate or work together
empirical evidence
information we can verify with our senses
valid
founded on fact or evidence
reliable
trustworthy / dependable
variables
a factor that can vary or change
independent variable
variable that is manipulated
dependent variable
the variable that is measured
methodology
the aims, procedures, participants and equipment used in the study
aim
a one or two sentence statement that identifies the relationship being investigated between the IV and the DV in a particular study
participants / subjects
those who took part in a study
the procedures
what the participants were asked to do
treatment group
the group that receives the treatment
control group
the group that does not receive treatment
causational
when one variable is responsible for the change in another
correlational
relationship between two variables
control variables
the variables you keep the same in an experiment
extraneous variable
other possible factors that might influence the DV
confounding variables
a variable that does have an effect on the DV that was not intended
labratory experiments
an experiment in which all extraneous variables are accounted for
field experiments
when the IV is manipulated in a natural setting
ecological validity
how accurate an experiment's conditions are in replicating what happens in the "real world"
natural experiment
when the IV is naturally occurring
cause and effect
a causational relationship
negative correlation
as one variable increases, the other decreases
positive correlation
a relationship between two variables in which both increase
Bidirectional ambiguity
when the direction of the relationship is uncertain
correlational studies
a study without a DV and IV
phenomenon
something that can be observed to occur, especially if there's some questions or uncertainty about its cause or origin
Confabulation
Remembering information never stored in memory
neurogenesis
the brain's ability to grow new cells
research design and methodology
the type of method used in the study
triangulation
the use of more than one data point in the gathering or analyzing of data
assumptions and biases
believing something to be true without solid facts, when an individual's existing thoughts, beliefs, or ideas influence their thinking or behavior
contradictory evidence
Evidence that contradicts the given hypothesis or theory
areas of uncertainty
sections in studies involving imperfect or unknown information
internal validity
extent to which we can draw cause-and-effect inferences from a study
Reliability
the extent to which a study's results have been repeated
external validity
the extent to which the results of a study can be generalized to other situations and to other people
peer-reviewed
evaluation of scientific, academic, or professional work by others working in the same field
replicated
to repeat a research study, usually with different participants and in different situations, to confirm the results of the original study
test-retest reliability
using the same test on two occasions to measure consistency
Generalizability
the extent to which we can claim our findings inform us about a group larger than the one we studied
mundane reality
The extent to which the task that participants are asked to perform is representative of a real life situation
Population validity
degree to which the study results can be generalized to and across the people in the target population
conceptual understanding
an understanding of an abstract idea - based on relationships between variables, cognition, behavior, ethical considerations, and research methods
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