Matric Grade 12 Life Orientation Lecture Notes

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering Life Orientation topics including stress management, conflict resolution, physical fitness, study skills, career choices, human rights, and labour laws.

Change

To transform or become different.

Quality of life

Your level of personal well-being and satisfaction with your life, what the conditions of your life are.

Stress

Pressure, nervous, tension and anxiety, constant worry, strain.

Anxiety

Worry, nervousness or unease.

Stressors

Things that cause stress or pressure.

Personality

Qualities, actions, behaviour and attitude that make a person unique.

Adrenaline

A chemical messenger called a hormone that is released into the blood system in reaction to stress; it increases the heart rate and blood pressure.

Eustress

Positive, good and necessary stress.

Distress

Negative, harmful bad stress.

Coping mechanism

Ways to handle or deal with stress.

Management techniques

Ways to deal with or manage and prevent stress.

Conflict

Disagreement, argument, fight.

Resolution

Solution, agreement.

Interpersonal

Existing or occurring between persons.

Intrapersonal

Existing or occurring within yourself.

Assertive

Being able to say what you want in a logical and polite way.

Negotiate

To talk through a conflict and to reach an agreement; trading with words.

Mediate

To keep peace between people who are in a conflict situation.

Sustain

Keep going, maintain, continue.

Initiate

Start, begin.

Empathy

Understand another person’s feelings.

Introvert

Shy, doesn’t communicate easily.

Extrovert

Communicates easily.

Circumstance

Situation, status.

Transition

Movement, passage, or change from one stage to another.

Post-school destination

The place you will be going to after school.

Life cycle

Growth or progression through different stages of development.

Rites of passage

Rituals, ceremonies, or events that symbolise important stages in a person’s life.

Lifestyle plan

Plan to live a certain way.

Intensity

How hard you should exercise to improve your cardiovascular endurance.

Low-impact

Exercise where at least one of your feet remains in contact with the ground at all times, doesn’t put your joints under much stress.

High-impact

Exercise where both your feet leave the ground at the same time, for example, puts stress on your joints and muscles.

Flexibility

The ability to move your joints and use your muscles through their full range of motion.

Physical fitness

Ability to perform physical activities vigorously, with energy or power left for other tasks.

Muscular endurance

The ability of your muscles to continue applying force.

Body mass index (BMI)

The measure of your body composition, a calculation of your body weight in comparison to your height: $BMI = \frac{\text{weight in kg}}{\text{height in m}^2}$

Core

Muscles in your abdomen and back that are attracted to your spine and pelvis.

Torso

The main part of your body, not including your head, arms, and legs.

Abdomen

The part of your body below your chest; your stomach.

Cardio kickboxing

A mix of boxing, martial arts and aerobics.

Strategies

Plans or methods to achieve a goal.

Styles

Particular ways of doing something.

Assessment

Evaluation.

Flashcards

Small cards or pieces of paper on which you write key points and short bits of information.

Mnemonics

Something such as a word, a sentence, or a song, that helps you to remember something.

School Based Assessment

All formal assessment, including examinations, conducted by the school throughout the year on a continuous basis.

HEI

Higher education institution, such as a university or university of technology.

Decisions

Resolutions to make up your mind about a choice after considering different options.

Commit

To promise to do something; to work very hard to do something; to not give up.

Bursary

Financial aid for if you have good marks or don’t have money to pay for your studies.

Scholarship

Financial aid from a company, business, or municipality; given if you did well at school.

Student loan

Financial aid from a bank or Edu-Loan, which you have to pay back.

Learnership

A program where you earn while you learn; contact the SETA for the sector in which you would like to follow a career.

Unemployment

Being without a job, joblessness.

Recession

Downturn, slump, decline.

Counteract

Cancel out, work against.

Entrepreneur

A person who sees the opportunity to start a business or offer a service.

Informal jobs

Jobs where you work for yourself.

Formal jobs

Jobs where you work for an employer, and have a job contract.

Volunteering

Whereby a person assists others by giving their time and skills without expecting payment.

Income tax

Government’s main source of income, levied on all income and profits received by a taxpayer.

SARS

South African Revenue Services.

Tax threshold

The level of income at which you begin to pay tax.

Non-compliance

Not doing something that is officially or legally required.

Tax dodging

Avoiding paying tax.

Corruption

Dishonesty, misuse of public power and money for private benefit.

Fraud

To swindle, scam, cheat or deceive.

Cronyism

Favouritism shown to friends, regardless of their qualifications.

Bribery

Paying for an illegal favour.

Influence peddling

The illegal practice of using one’s influence in government or connections with persons in authority to receive information or benefits.

Nepotism

The appointment of family to positions of authority, regardless of their qualifications.

Extortion

Obtaining money or favours through force or threats.

Campaigns

A planned series of actions intended to achieve a particular aim.

Violation

Interfering with a person’s rights; doing something that is against the law.

Projects

Planned activities that have a specific purpose to improve something; usually take place over a long time.

Discrimination

Treating others unjustly, unfairly, and unequally because they are, or you think they are, different from you.

Citizenship

Accepting the responsibilities of being a citizen; being a responsible member of a community.

Electronic media

ICT, computers, radios, TVs, cell phones, DVDs.

Print media

Newspapers, books, magazines, brochures, letters, adverts, billboards.

Freedom of expression

The right to say what you think and feel freely and give information and viewpoints.

Paparazzi

Photojournalists who follow or chase after celebrities and politicians in both their public and private lives, looking for scandal.

Whistle-blower

A person who reports illegal or immoral activities.

Investigative journalists

News reporters who try to find information that is of interest to the public, but that someone or an institution may try to hide.

Ideologies

Principles, philosophies, dogmas or ideas.

World views

The general standpoint or side from which people see and interpret the world; collections of beliefs about life.

Culture

The beliefs, behaviours, items, and ideas that are common to the members of a particular group or society.

Gender

Socially formed roles, behaviours, activities, and roles that society gives to women and men.

Laws

Statutes and Acts; sets of rules.

Regulations

The details necessary to implement laws.

Intervention

Action taken to improve something.

Impact studies

Research to find out if an action has had or will have an effect on something; also known as audits or assessments.

Mission statement

Something that states a purpose, aim or goal.

Values

Beliefs about what is important, acceptable or valuable.

Belief system

A way to understand the world and your place in it; a faith with a series of beliefs, but not a formal religion.

Ill-health

Illness, sickness; a medical condition that makes you unwell.

Accidents

Mishaps, misfortunes.

Crises

Emergencies, calamities, catastrophes, upheavals.

Disasters

Tragedies, events that cause adversity or devastation.

Sexually transmitted infection (STI)

An infection that is spread through person-to-person sexual contact.

Foetal alcohol syndrome (FAS)

A condition that results from alcohol abuse by the mother during pregnancy.