resistance to SI and minority influence

what are the 2 explanations for resistance to SI

social support and LOC

what is social support

support from another person that helps you resist si

SOCIAL SUPPORT: what are the 2 types of resistance

resisting conformity and obedience

SOCIAL SUPPORT RESISTING CONFORMITY: how is pressure to conform reduced

if another person isnt conforming

SOCIAL SUPPORT RESISTING CONFORMITY: what did Asch’s research show

dissenter doesnt have to give the right answer, as long as dissenter is not following majority, this frees other to follow their own conscience, dissenter acts as model

SOCIAL SUPPORT RESISTING CONFORMITY: what does the dissenter show

majority is no longer unanimous

SOCIAL SUPPORT RESISTING OBEDIENCE: how is pressure to obey reduced

if another person disobeys

SOCIAL SUPPORT RESISTING OBEDIENCE: what does Milgrams research show

obedient behaviour is decreased in disobedient peer condition from 65% to 10%

SOCIAL SUPPORT RESISTING OBEDIENCE: in Milgrams study what did the particpipant might not do

follow disobedient peer but dissenter obedience frees participant to act their own conscience

SOCIAL SUPPORT RESISTING OBEDIENCE: what does a disobedient model challenge

legitimacy of authority figure

who proposed LOC

Rotter 1966

what are the 2 types of LOC described by Rotter

internal and external

what do internal LOC believe

things that happen to them are controlled by themselves

Give an example of what LOC believe

doing well or bad in exam depends on how hard you work

what do external LOC believe

things happen outside their control

Give an example of what external LOC believe

failing exam and saying they had a bad teacher

why is LOC not just being internal or external

people differ in their position on LOC scale

what is the LOC scale

high internals one end and high externals the other end, low internals and low externals lie in between

which type of people are more likely to resist pressures to conform or obey

people with internal LOC

why are internal LOCs more likely to resist social pressures

they take responsibility for their actions

what other characteristic makes internal LOCs more likely to resist social pressures

have less need for social approval

what traits are associated with internal LOC

confidence and achievement orientated

what research is a strength of social support in resistance to SI

Albrecht et al 2006 found social support helped adolescents resist pressure to smoke with an older buddy then a control group without a buddy, helps youths resist SI in real world situations

what research supports dissenters reducing obedience (for social support)

Gamson et al 1982 asked participants to give evidence for oil company to use in smear campaign, 88% rebelled against orders, higher than milgrams study, shows supporters can undermine legitimacy of authority and reduce obedience

what is a limitation of social support

Allen and Levine 1971 found 64% resisted when dissenter refused to conform, only 36% resisted when dissenter had poor eyesight and couldnt judge the lines

what does allen and levine 1971 suggest about social support

its more effective when supporter is credible and reliable

what research supports and links LOC and resistance

Murphy et al 2021 studied participants who were vaccine hesitant, resistant or accepting, found resistant people had more internal LOC

What research is a challenged LOC explanation (LIMITATION)

not all research supports role of LOC in resistance, Twenge et al 2004 analysed data from LOC studies 1960 to 2002, found people have become more resistant to obedience but also more external, LOC may not explain resistance