chemistry atoms elements and compounds

____ ___ was the first scientist to develop atomic theory

John Dalton

John Dalton was the first scientist to develop _____ _____

atomic theory

all _____ is made up of _____

matter, atoms

_____ within an _____ are the same 

atoms, element 

____ CANNOT be broken down

atoms

atoms are __________ during a ______ reaction, but are not lost (law of _____ of _________)

rearranged, chemical, conservation, mass

________ were discovered by passing electricity through a _________________

electrons, cathode ray tube

______ were discovered by shooting _______ with ______ ______

protons, gold foil, alpha particles

_______ were discovered by shooting ____________ through ________, causing protons to be ejected

neutrons, alpha particles, beryllium

atoms are made of __________

subatomic particles

what is the nucleus

dense, positively charged core of matter

protons are _____ and have a mass of _ ____ and determine the _____ of an atom 

positively charged, 1 amu, identity 

elements are _____ with unique ______

atoms, identities

nuetrons have _______ and a mass of _ ___ and holds the nucleus together

no charge, 1 amu

the job of the proton is to ___________

the job of the nuetrons is to ________

-determine the identity of an atom

-hold nucleus together

atomic mass is found by 

adding total number of protons and neutrons 

electrons have a ________ mass

negligible

______ are held within due to the attraction to ______

electrons, protons

Specifies the mass AND atomic number

nuclear notation

specifies mass

hyphen notation 

atoms are _______ charges

neutrally

losing electrons = _____ion

positive

gaining electrons =______ion

negative 

positively charged ions are called 

CATIONS 

negatively charged ions are called

ANIONS

isotope

atoms of the same element can have different number of neutrons

different number of _______=different mass

neutrons

elements mass on the periodic table have an _____ value because of the existence of ______

average, isotopes

what is the formula for finding the average atomic mass?

%(Mass)+%(mass)+…= __amu

the side to side rows are called

periods

how many periods are there

7

what are the up and down colomns called 

groups

how many groups are there

18

metals are broadly classified as:

metals, nonmetals, metalloids

where are metals located

left of stairs 

where are nonmetals located 

right of stairs 

where are metalloids located

6 elements near stairs

Alkali metals: very _______ _____

Halogens: very _____ ______

Noble gases: very _______

Alkali metals: very reactive metals

Halogens: very reactive nonmetals

Noble gases: very unreactive

name the Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, inner transition metals, transition metals, halogens, Noble gasses

____ are composed of atoms held together by ______ _____

compounds, chemical, bonds

Ionic bonds occur between ______ and _______

metal, non metal

transfers electrons (metals→ nonmetals)

ionic bonds

covalent bonds occur between ________ and _____

non metal, non metal

covalent bonds form _____

molecules

in a covalent bond, electrons are _______

shared 

Al³⁺ S^2-

monoatomic

SO^2- NO^1-

polyatomic

Na→Na¹⁺

monovalent

Cu→Cu²⁺ or Cu¹⁺

multivalent 

if the anion does NOT contain oxygen: Hydro______ic acid (HCl=hydrochloric acid)

if the anion does NOT contain oxygen: Hydro______ic acid (HCl=hydrochloric acid)

if anion DOES contain oxygen:

ends in -___→ _____ic acid

-ate

if anion DOES contain oxygen:

ends in -___→ ous acid

ite

what are the types of chemical formulas?

empirical, molecular, structeral 

emperical:

smallest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound

molecular:

actual number of atoms in a compound

structural

uses lines to represent covalent bonds and shows how atoms bond to each other