sts finals

what is another name for the information age?

computer age, digital age, or new media age

What significant change did the information age bring out?

it allowed people to easily access information and knowledge

what is turing’s machine?

a theoretical machine presented by Alan Turing in 1937 that can solve problems from instructions encoded on a paper tape

what is the foundation of computer science?

the invention of machine called the computer

what era is referred to as the dawn of the computer age?

the 1970s, known as the generation of electronic brains

what was introduced during the 1970s that changed personal computing?

personal computers

what was the homebrew computer club?

an early computer hobbyist group where members traded computer parts and shared plants to make computers more accessible

what philosophical shift occurred during the renaissance that influenced the information age?

the shift towards humanism, focusing on what humans could do for themselves rather than solely for God

who was one notable member of homebrew computer club?

the founder of apple, inc.

what was a significant impact of the information age on literature?

people began to write realistic books rather than just religious stories

how did telecommunications contribute to the information age?

they enabled the interconnection of computers operating in real-time and on as-needed basis

what does it mean to place nature in a box or frame in the context of the information age?

it refers to understanding and controlling nature according to people’s desires

what is the significance of turning’s paper `on computable number’s`?

it laid the groundwork for the concept of a universal machine and the field of computer science

what was the role of the homebrew computer club in the computer revolution?

it facilitated innovation and entrepreneurship among its members

what did the information age signify about the relationship between humans and technology?

it marked a shift towards using technology to enhance human capabilities and access to information

what was a major characteristic of the information age?

the ability to access and share information quickly and efficiently

who were some key scientists introduced during the scientific revolution?

galileo, copernicus, and sir isaac newton

what impact did the discoveries of the scientific revolution have?

they paved the way for modern tools, inventions, and innovations

who created the apple I and in what year?

steve wozniak created the apple I in 1976

what was suggested to be sold by steve jobs regarding apple I?

it was suggested to be sold as a fully assembled printed circuit board

what significant changes did the industrial revolution bring?

it changed agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology, profoundly affecting social, economic, and cultural conditions

who invented the printing press and when?

Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1440

what was the primary function of the printing press?

it applies pressure to an inked surface to transfer ink onto a print medium, improving slow manual printing methods

what did the printing press enable in terms of communication?

it facilitated the creation and exchange of information, marking the beginning of mass communication

what technological advancement is considered the most significant of the new millennium?

social media

what is the harvard mark 1 and when was it created?

it is the IBM automatic sequence controlled calculator created by the united states during WW2

what was the purpose of the harvard mark 1?

to address the shortage of human computers for military calculations

what is the size and capability of the harvard mark 1?

it is 50 feet long and can calculate in seconds

who created the enigma M4 cypher machine and what was its purpose?

Alan Turing created it to help crack the German Navy’s enigma code.

what was the enigma machine used for by the german armed forces?

it was used to securely send messages

what was the challenge posed by the Nazis regarding the enigma machine?

they created more complicated versions with about 10^14 possible permutations of every encrypted message

what is the bombe and who created it?

the bombe is an electromechanical machine created by Alan Turing to decipher encrypted message from the German Enigma machine

how did the creation of the enigma and bombe affected world war II?

they, along with cryptologists, shortened the war by two years

what is nanotechnology?

A branch of technology that deals with the manipulation and study of matter at the nanoscale level

what are some applications of nanotechnology in medicine?

development of more effective drugs and nanobots that can deliver drugs to specific molecular sites or perform surgery

how does nanotechnology contribute to agriculture?

it is used to breed corps with higher micronutrients, detect pests, and control food processing

what challenges does nanotechnology face regarding environmental effects?

the environmental impact of mineral-based nanoparticles found in cosmetics, paints, and clothing, which can be carried by fine silts or microplastics

what are some techniques employed in nanotechnology for water purification?

water purification systems and surface treatments that repel water to prevent stains

how do detergent molecules utilize nanotechnology?

they form that trap oils and fats, aiding in washing

what role does nanotechnology play in energy production?

it supports cleaner production methods and provides alternative and renewable energy sources

what is biodiversity?

the variety of life present in an ecosystem, from the smallest microorganisms to the largest mammals, including their habitats

what are the key areas of focus in nanotechnology application?

medicine, agriculture, environmental protection and enrgy

what is the significance of nanobots in medical application?

they can perform molecular process within cells to deliver drugs or conduct surgeries

how does nanotechnology bring together various fields of science?

through its innovations that integrate knowledge from multiple scientific disciplines

what is on of the survival needs addressed by biodiversity?

protection and food sources for various species

how does nanotechnology aid in cleaner production methods?

by providing innovative solutions that reduce waste and improve efficiency

what is the impact of nanotechnology on food processing?

it helps in detecting pests and enhancing food safety

what are micelles in the context of nanotechnology?

structures formed by detergent molecules that trap oils and fats for effective cleaning

how does nanotechnology relate to environmental polltants?

nanoparticles can carry both inorganic and organic pollutants, affecting ecoosystems

what is the significance of biodiversity?

biodiversity refers to the variety found in biota, including genetic makeup of plants and animals and cultural diversity

what are the 3 types of biodiversity?

• genetic diversity

• species diversity

• ecological diversity

how is genetic diversity measured?

it is usually measured in terms of the total number of species found in a particular area

what does ecological diversity refer to?

it refers to a self-sustaining collection of organisms and their habitat

what are some benefits of biodiversity?

biodiversity supports health and medicine, water storage and control, and promotes a healthy ecosystem

what medical properties does salvia apiana (california sage) have?

it aids in childbirth and protects the immune system from respiratory diseases

what are the medical uses of alhagi maurorum (camel thorn)?

it acts as a diuretic, lexative, expectorant, gastroprotective, and anti-diarrheal

what is the role of biodiversity in water management?

biodiversity contributes to filtration, storage, and the water cycle

what are the medical properties of digitalis purpurea (foxglove)?

it contains digitoxin, which is used for congestive heart failure

what is the source of salicylic acid, and what is its use?

salicylic acid is derived from the bark of the willow tree and is used as an anti-inflammatory (aspirin)

what is the significance of penicillin?

penicillin is an antibiotic discovered by Dr. Alexander Fleming

What are the effects of stratospheric ozone?

stratospheric ozone protects life from UV radiation

what is ground level ozone and its impact?

ground-level ozone is considered bad ozone as it reduces crop yield

what technological advancement occurred in the 1820s related o energy?

natural gas was introduced as a source of light

what was a key development in the 1860s for renewable energy?

Augustine Mouchot created the first solar-powered system

what energy source was commercialized in the 1850s?

commercial oil, specifically kerosene and petroleum

what was a significant energy development during the industrial revolution?

the use of biomass and coal “coke”

what was the purpose of hydro power in 400 BC?

hydro power was used for irrigation

what was the role of windmills in persian technology between 500-900 AD?

windmills were used for water pumping

what was the impact of the industrial revolution on energy sources?

it marked a shift towards the use of biomass and coal as primary energy sources

what are the main threats to biodiversity?

overexploitation, habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, pollution, introduced species, and global climate change

how can nanotechnology be applied in medicine?

by developing more effective drugs, using nanobots to deliver drugs to specific molecular sites, or even carry out surgery

what is a water purification system?

a technique that uses nanotechnology to purify water

what is the purpose of montreal protocol?

to protect the stratospheric ozone layer by phasing out the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances

what does the kyoto protocol aim to achieve?

to limit and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by committing industrialized countries and economies in transition to agreed individual targets

what is the ecological diversity protocol?

an international agreement aimed at ensuring the safe handling, transport, and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology

what role do detergent molecules play in cleaning?

they form micelles that trap oils and fats, aiding in washing

what techniques are used to enhance crop breeding?

breeding crops with higher micronutrients, detecting pests, and controlling food processing

what is the significance of nanobots in healthcare?

they can perform molecular processes within cells to deliver drugs or conduct surgeries

what are some applications of nanotechnology in environmental protection?

water purification systems and surface treatments that repel water to prevent stains

what is habitat fragmentation?

the process where large habitats are broken into smaller, isolated patches, impacting biodiversity

how does pollution threaten biodiversity?

by contaminating ecosystems and harming the health of species

what are introduced species?

species that are non-native to an ecosystem and can disrupt local biodiversity

how does global climate change affect biodiversity?

it alters habitats and can lead to species extinction

what are micelles?

structures formed by detergent molecules that trap oils and fats

what is the role of alternative and renewable energy sources in biodiversity?

the support cleaner production methods that help protect ecosystems

what significant event regarding GMOs occurred on January 29, 2000?

the adoption of regulations related to GMOs

when did the regulations on GMOs enter into force?

September 11, 2003

What was the first GMO approved by the FDA in 1994?

the flavr savr tomato, which had delayed ripening

what are GMOs?

Genetically Modified Organisms, which are organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated

what is a gene?

the basic unit of inheritance, a segment of DNA that may code for specific proteins

what significant GMO crops were approved in 1995?

Bt potatoes, corn and roundup ready soybeans

what issue arose with superweeds in relation to GMOs?

superweeds became resistant to glyphosate, a common herbicide

what was the first cloned animal and when was it born?

dolly the sheep, born on 1996

what did the european union favor in 1997 regarding GMOs?

mandatory labeling on all GMO foods and feeds

what was signifant about the GM papaya developed in 1998?

it was resistant to the RingSpot virus

how many acres worldwide were planted with genetically engineered seed by 1999?

over 100 million acres

what was the purpose of developing golden rice in 2000?

to combat vitamin A deficiency

what was discovered in 2003 regarding Bt cotton crops?

Bt tixu-resistant caterpillars were found feasting on them

what was the outcome of Paul Francois case against Monsanto in 2012?

He won the case for chemical poisoning caused by the pesticide Lasso

what are some benefits of genetic engineering?

increased crop yield and reduced costs for food and drug production