15 - Salmonella

D.A. Salmon in 1885

Salmonella is named after

Important mode of transmission is through __

feco-oral route or from egg to chick

"Hog cholera bacillus" (Salmonella cholerasuis)

Salmonella was originally described as

2,000

The number of serovars that exist in the Salmonella genus is more than

S. cholerasuis, S. enteritidis, S. gallinarum, S. typhi, S. typhimurium

Typical Salmonellae include

S. salamae

Atypical Salmonellae include

S. houtenae, S. bongor

Examples of S. arizonae and related organisms are

The disease it causes or the location/animal it was isolated from (S. cholerasuis, S. dublin)

Salmonella is named based on

Gram-negative, short rods

The shape of Salmonella bacteria is

Absent

The presence of a capsule in most Salmonella species is

Peritrichous flagella

Motile Salmonella species have

Present in most species

Fimbriae in Salmonella are

S. gallinarum, S. pullorum

Two Salmonella species that do not have flagella are

Brilliant green agar (BGA), MacConkey agar, Bismuth sulfite agar

Salmonella is aerobic or facultative anaerobic and can grow on

37°C and 43°C

The optimal growth temperature for Salmonella is

Glucose fermentation

Salmonella produces gas from

Lactose

Salmonella does not ferment

Tetrathionate broth, Sodium selenite broth

Two selective media used for Salmonella are

Sensitivity of culture to bacteriophages

Salmonella phage typing is based on

O, H, Vi

The three major antigens of Salmonella are

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cell wall

The O antigen in Salmonella is a component of

Flagellar protein antigen

The H antigen in Salmonella is a

S. typhi

The Vi antigen is found in

The polysaccharide structure in the cell wall

O antigen specificity in Salmonella is determined by

Lysogeny, affecting serotype

O antigen variation can change due to

A heat-labile protein

H antigen in Salmonella is composed of

Monophasic or Diphasic

H antigen can exist in two phases

FljB (ON) or FljC (OFF)

The two phases of H antigen expression in Salmonella are

A genetic switching mechanism

H antigen phase variation in Salmonella is controlled by

Virulence factors of Salmonella include:

Attachment to host cells

Fimbriae help in

Inject bacterial effectors into host cells

Type III Secretion System (T3SS) functions to

Genes essential for virulence

Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI-1 and SPI-2) contain

Evade immune response

Intracellular Survival Mechanisms allow Salmonella to

The five major steps in Salmonella pathogenesis are:

Contaminated food or water

Entry occurs through

Attaches to intestinal epithelium via fimbriae

Colonization happens when Salmonella

Type III Secretion System (T3SS)

Invasion is facilitated by

Resist phagolysosomal killing

Intracellular Survival allows Salmonella to

Spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen

Dissemination means Salmonella can

Salmonella

Salmonellosis is the disease caused by

Gastroenteritis

The most common form of salmonellosis is

S. typhi and S. paratyphi

Enteric fever is caused by

S. cholerasuis and S. dublin

Septicemia due to Salmonella is caused by

Contaminated food, water, and animal contact

Salmonella is a major zoonotic pathogen, meaning it can be transmitted through

The four major methods of diagnosing Salmonella infections are:

Stool, blood, or food samples on selective media

Culture is performed on

O and H antigen variation

Serotyping is based on

Detect Salmonella DNA

PCR & Molecular Tests are used to

S. typhi

Widal Test is a serological test for

Treatment of Salmonella infections includes:

Rehydration therapy

Supportive care which involves

Ciprofloxacin, azithromycin

Antibiotics used in severe cases such as

Salmonella infections

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing concern in

Four major ways to prevent and control Salmonella infections are:

Proper cooking and handling

Food Safety includes

Handwashing and sanitation

Hygiene measures include

S. typhi

Vaccination is available for

Monitoring outbreaks and resistance trends

Surveillance is important for

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Salmonella is named after

D.A. Salmon in 1885

Salmonella was originally described as

"Hog cholera bacillus" (Salmonella cholerasuis)

The number of serovars that exist in the Salmonella genus

More than 2,000

Typical Salmonellae include

S. cholerasuis, S. enteritidis, S. gallinarum, S. typhi, S. typhimurium

Atypical Salmonellae include__

S. salamae

Examples of S. arizonae and related organisms are__

S. houtenae, S. bongor

Salmonella is named based on?

The disease it causes or the location/animal it was isolated from (S. cholerasuis, S. dublin)

The shape of Salmonella bacteria is __

Gram-negative, short rods

The presence of a capsule in most Salmonella species is ___

Absent

Motile Salmonella species have ___

Peritrichous flagella

Fimbriae in Salmonella are ___

Present in most species

Two Salmonella species that do not have flagella are ___

S. gallinarum, S. pullorum

Salmonella is aerobic or facultative anaerobic and can grow on __

Brilliant green agar (BGA), MacConkey agar, Bismuth sulfite agar

The optimal growth temperature for Salmonella is?

37°C and 43°C

Salmonella produces gas from?

Glucose fermentation

Salmonella does not ferment ___

Lactose

Two selective media used for Salmonella are?

Tetrathionate broth, Sodium selenite broth

Salmonella phage typing is based on?

Sensitivity of culture to bacteriophages

The three major antigens of Salmonella are ___

O, H, Vi

The O antigen in Salmonella is a component of?

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the cell wall

The H antigen in Salmonella is a ___

Flagellar protein antigen

The Vi antigen is found in?

S. typhi

O antigen specificity in Salmonella is determined by

The polysaccharide structure in the cell wall

O antigen variation can change due to

Lysogeny, affecting serotype

H antigen in Salmonella is composed of

A heat-labile protein

H antigen can exist in two phases

Monophasic or Diphasic

The two phases of H antigen expression in Salmonella are

FljB (ON) or FljC (OFF)

H antigen phase variation in Salmonella is controlled by

A genetic switching mechanism

Type III Secretion System (T3SS) functions to

Injects bacterial effectors into host cells

Salmonella Pathogenicity Islands (SPI-1 and SPI-2) contain

Genes essential for virulence

Intracellular Survival Mechanisms allow Salmonella to

Evade immune response

Colonization happens when Salmonella

Attaches to intestinal epithelium via fimbriae

Invasion is facilitated by

Type III Secretion System (T3SS)

Intracellular Survival allows Salmonella to

Resists phagolysosomal killing

Dissemination means Salmonella can

Spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen