how to optimize the energy systems for safe and improved performance

What is the main goal of optimizing energy systems in physical education?

To ensure safe and improved performance in physical activities;

What are the three main food macronutrients that serve as sources of energy?

Carbohydrates, Proteins, and Fats;

What is the primary energy source among macronutrients?

Carbohydrates (as glucose);

What is the role of proteins in energy use?

They serve as building blocks and secondary energy sources;

What is the role of fats in energy production?

They are concentrated energy sources;

What supports metabolic processes aside from macronutrients?

Vitamins, minerals, and water;

What is metabolism?

A set of chemical reactions converting food into energy;

What are the two types of metabolism?

Catabolism and Anabolism;

What is catabolism?

The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy (e.g., to produce ATP);

What is anabolism?

The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, using energy for growth, repair, and storage;

What is the main energy currency of the cell?

ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate);

What is the first step in the digestive process?

Mechanical and chemical breakdown in the mouth;

Where does major digestion and nutrient absorption occur?

In the small intestine;

What is the final step of digestion?

Waste elimination through the anus;

What are the three energy systems?

ATP-PC system, Glycolytic system (anaerobic), and Aerobic system;

Which energy system is dominant in a 5-second sprint?

ATP-PC system;

Which energy system is dominant in a 400m sprint?

Anaerobic Glycolysis (Lactic Acid system);

Which energy system is dominant in a 5 km fun run or marathon?

Aerobic system;

What are the key steps of the Krebs Cycle?

Conversion of Acetyl-CoA into various intermediates, producing NADH, FADH₂, ATP, and CO₂;

What is the total ATP yield from oxidative phosphorylation per glucose molecule?

34 ATP;

What does NADH and FADH₂ do in the Electron Transport Chain?

Donate electrons to produce ATP and form water;

Why is aerobic endurance important for emergency responders?

It helps sustain energy during prolonged rescue or physical tasks;

How does knowledge of energy systems help in training design?

It allows for specific programs targeting sprinters (anaerobic focus) vs long-distance runners (aerobic focus);

What does energy transformation support?

Daily activities, body temperature regulation, organ function, growth, and repair;