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Repression
a defense mechanism that involves consciously blocking unwanted memories or thoughts from unconscious awareness
Regression
retreating to an earlier psychosexual stage, where some psychic energy remains fixated
projection
disguising one’s own threatening impulses by attributing them to others
displacement
shifting sexual or aggressive impulses toward a more acceptable or less threatening object or person
reaction formation
switching unacceptable impulses into their opposites
rationalization
offering self-justifying explanations in place of the real, more threatening unconscious reasons for one’s actions
denial
refusing to believe or even perceive painful realities
sublimation
transferring of unacceptable impulses into socially valued motives
projective tests
a personality test that provides ambiguous images designed to trigger projection of one’s inner dynamics
Rorschach Inkblot Test
Provides information about a person's thought processes, perceptions, motivations, and attitudes towards their environment
Thematic Apperception Test
People expressed their inner feelings and interests through the stories they make up about ambiguous scenes
Humanistic Theory
view personality with a focus on the potential for healthy personal growth
Unconditional positive regard
a caring, accepting, nonjudgemental attitude to help people develop self-awareness and self-acceptance
self-actualizing tendency
point at which all of an individual’s needs and desires have been met/achieved
ideal self
the person you want to be/working towards
Real self
True feeling
reciprocal determinism
refers to the interacting influences of behavior, cognition, and environment
self concept
the perception we have about ourselves
self-efficacy
refers to one’s sense of competence and effectiveness
self-esteem
one’s feelings of self-worth
Trait Theory
people’s characteristic patterns of behavior or a disposition to feel/act in certain ways
Big Five theory of personality
open-mindedness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, neuroticism
opens to experience
tries new things
conscientiousness
hardworking/reliable
extraversion
social & interactive
agreeableness
easy to get along with
emotional stability
the ability to maintain a balances emotional state, even when faced with challenges
objective tests
a type of psychological assessment that uses structured, predetermines questions to measure specific traits or abilities
personality inventories
a psychological assessment tool that evaluated a person’s personality traits
factor analysis
a statistical method used to identify underlying, unobservable variables that explain the patterns of correlations among a set of observed variables
