A&P Exam 1
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264 Terms
E
_______________ is the study of structure.
A. Histology
B. Physiology
C. Cytology
D. Myology
E. Anatomy
E
The Greek origin of the word anatomy means ____________________. A. to measure
B. to look inside
C. to study life
D. to examine cells
E. to cut apart
C
Anatomy focuses on what body structures are made of, where they are located, and their associated ____________.
A. functions
B. diseases
C. structures
D. hormones
E. tissues
E
_______________ is the study of the function of anatomical structures.
A. Anatomy
B. Histology
C. Gross anatomy
D. Cytology
E. Physiology
E
Anatomy and physiology are ____________________ sciences because structure and function are closely connected.
A. unrelated
B. interchangeable
C. independent
D. complementary
E. interrelated
D
Which statement is an example of anatomy from the lecture?
A. The small intestine absorbs nutrients.
B. The heart pumps blood.
C. The kidneys regulate blood pH.
D. The small intestine contains simple columnar epithelium.
E. The lungs exchange gases.
C
Which statement is an example of physiology from the lecture?
A. The lungs contain alveoli.
B. The skin contains hair.
C. The epithelium of the small intestine absorbs nutrients.
D. The small intestine contains simple columnar epithelium.
E. The skull contains cranial bones.
A
Anatomists and physiologists use the ____________________ to study natural phenomena and develop and test hypothesis.
A. scientific method
B. anatomy
C. regional anatomy
D. systemic anatomy
E. comparative anatomy
E
What is the first broad activity described in the lecture as part of the scientific method?
A. Data analysis
B. Develop and test a hypothesis
C. Experiments
D. Interpretation of results
E. Observe natural phenomena
E
After observing natural phenomena, scientists develop and test a ____________.
A. tissue
B. organ system
C. plane
D. experiment
E. hypothesis
D
Which step comes after a testable hypothesis in the listed A&P scientific method?
A. Observations
B. Testable hypothesis
C. Data analysis
D. Experiments
E. Interpretation of results
E
Which step is listed after experiments in the scientific method?
A. Experiments
B. Observations
C. Testable hypothesis
D. Interpretation of results
E. Data analysis
C
Which final step is listed in the A&P scientific method?
A. Experiments
B. Observations
C. Interpretation of results
D. Testable hypothesis
E. Data analysis
A
A hypothesis is a ________________________________.
A. proposed explanation for a natural phenomenon
B. proven law that cannot change
C. description of an organ system
D. anatomical position
E. body cavity
D
A hypothesis should be based on ________________________________.
A. anatomical terms
B. organ systems
C. directional terms
D. previous observations or experiments
E. body cavities
E
Hypotheses must make predictions that can be shown to be correct or incorrect / therefore, hypotheses must be ____________.
A. permanent
B. anatomical
C. visible
D. proven
E. testable
A
Bone resorption is mediated by ____________.
A. osteoclasts
B. osteoblasts
C. chondrocytes
D. fibroblasts
E. osteocytes
E
Bone formation is mediated by ____________.
A. osteoclasts
B. chondrocytes
C. fibroblasts
D. osteocytes
E. osteoblasts
E
Who proposed the blood circulation theory described in the lecture as involving the liver, right side of the heart, lungs, invisible pores, and “vital spirits”?
A. William Harvey
B. Hippocrates II
C. Andreas Vesalius
D. Ibn-al-Nafiz
E. Galen
C
In Galen’s theory, blood was thought to be created in the ____________ from ingested food.
A. heart
B. lungs
C. liver
D. spleen
E. stomach
D
Galen thought some blood passed through ____________________ into the left side of the heart.
A. lymphatic vessels
B. blood vessels
C. alveoli
D. invisible pores
E. coronary arteries
B
According to Galen’s theory, blood entering the left side of the heart gained “____________________” when mixed with pneuma.
A. sooty vapors
B. vital spirits
C. pneuma
D. ingested food
E. blood
No
Was Galen’s theory of blood circulation right?
B
William Harvey’s theory of ____________________ was similar to the modern accepted theory.
A. pulmonary circulation
B. systemic circulation
C. blood formation
D. lymphatic drainage
E. gas exchange
B
The structural order characteristic of living organisms is called ____________________.
A. adaptation
B. organization
C. regulation
D. metabolism
E. reproduction
E
The chemical reactions characteristic of living organisms are called ____________________.
A. reproduction
B. adaptation
C. organization
D. regulation
E. metabolism
C
Which characteristic involves increased size and specialization?
A. Responsiveness
B. Adaptation
C. Growth and development
D. Regulation
E. Reproduction
B
Sensation and reaction are characteristics referred to as ____________________.
A. metabolism
B. responsiveness
C. organization
D. reproduction
E. adaptation
D
Alteration to increase reproductive success is called ____________________.
A. regulation
B. metabolism
C. organization
D. adaptation
E. responsiveness
B
Maintaining homeostasis is the characteristic called ____________________.
A. organization
B. regulation
C. responsiveness
D. adaptation
E. metabolism
E
Which characteristic occurs at both cellular and organismal levels?
A. Metabolism
B. Regulation
C. Organization
D. Growth and development
E. Reproduction
A
At the ____________________, atoms are the smallest stable units of matter and molecules consist of groups of atoms.
A. chemical level
B. cellular level
C. tissue level
D. organ level
E. organ system level
E
What are the smallest stable units of matter?
A. molecules
B. cells
C. tissues
D. organs
E. atoms
D
Groups of atoms form ____________________.
A. atoms
B. cells
C. tissues
D. molecules
E. organs
D
The ____________________ is the level at which cells are the smallest living units in the body.
A. organism level
B. chemical level
C. tissue level
D. cellular level
E. organ level
B
What are the smallest living units in the body?
A. tissues
B. cells
C. organs
D. molecules
E. atoms
C
A group of cells working together forms a ____________________.
A. cells
B. organ
C. tissue
D. organ system
E. organism
C
An organ is made of two or more ____________________ working together.
A. cells
B. organs
C. tissues
D. organ systems
E. molecules
E
A group of interacting organs is called the ____________________.
A. tissue level
B. organ level
C. cellular level
D. organism level
E. organ system level
A
Humans have how many commonly recognized organ systems?
A. 11
B. 10
C. 9
D. 12
E. 8
C
An individual life form is known as an ____________________.
A. cell
B. tissue
C. organism
D. organ
E. organ system
B
Which branch of human anatomy examines cells and molecules?
A. Regional anatomy
B. Microscopic anatomy
C. Cytology
D. Gross anatomy
E. Surface anatomy
A
The study of cells is called ____________________.
A. cytology
B. embryology
C. histology
D. microscopic anatomy
E. gross anatomy
A
The study of tissues is called ____________________.
A. histology
B. cytology
C. embryology
D. microscopic anatomy
E. gross anatomy
B
Which term refers to anatomy that can be studied without a microscope and includes regional, systemic, and other subdisciplines?
A. Histology
B. Gross anatomy
C. Cytology
D. Microscopic anatomy
E. Surface anatomy
D
The study of similarities and differences across species is ____________________.
A. surface anatomy
B. systemic anatomy '
C. regional anatomy
D. comparative anatomy
E. developmental anatomy
E
The study of structural changes from conception through maturity is ____________________.
A. systemic anatomy
B. surface anatomy
C. comparative anatomy
D. microscopic anatomy
E. developmental anatomy
B
Developmental changes occurring prior to birth are studied in ____________________.
A. cytology
B. embryology
C. regional anatomy
D. histology
E. surface anatomy
D
Which subdiscipline studies all structures within a single region?
A. Comparative anatomy
B. Systemic anatomy
C. Surface anatomy
D. Regional anatomy
E. Developmental anatomy
D
Which subdiscipline studies superficial and internal structures as they relate to their location on the body surface?
A. Regional anatomy
B. Systemic anatomy
C. Embryology
D. Surface anatomy
E. Comparative anatomy
A
Which subdiscipline studies structures involved with a specific activity, such as digestion?
A. Systemic anatomy
B. Embryology
C. Surface anatomy
D. Comparative anatomy
E. Regional anatomy
A
Which organ system includes skin, hair, sweat glands, and nails?
A. Integumentary system
B. Respiratory system
C. Nervous system
D. Skeletal system
E. Digestive system
C
Which are the major organs of the integumentary system?
A. bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, bone marrow
B. skeletal muscles and associated tendons
C. Skin, hair, sweat glands, nails
D. brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs
E. heart, blood, blood vessels
D
A major function of the integumentary system is to ____________________.
A. help regulate body temperature
B. protect against environmental hazards
C. provide sensory information
D. All of the Above
E. A and B
A
The integumentary system provides ____________________.
A. sensory information
B. support and protection for other tissues
C. movement
D. long-term changes in other organ systems
E. oxygen to the bloodstream
C
Which system includes bones, cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow?
A. Integumentary system
B. Muscular system
C. Skeletal system
D. Urinary system
E. Nervous system
D
A major skeletal system function is to provide ____________________ for other tissues.
A. movement
B. heat
C. sensory information
D. support and protection
E. long-term changes
B
The skeletal system stores ____________________.
A. energy reserves
B. calcium and other minerals
C. oxygen
D. waste products
E. tissue fluids
E
Which function belongs to the skeletal system?
A. Provides movement
B. Generates heat that maintains body temperature
C. Processes and digests food
D. Excretes waste products from the blood
E. Forms blood cells
E
Which system consists of skeletal muscles and associated tendons?
A. Urinary system
B. Endocrine system
C. Skeletal system
D. Nervous system
E. Muscular system
D
The muscular system provides ____________________.
A. support and protection for other tissues
B. heat that maintains body temperature
C. movement
D. All of the above
E. B and C
D
The circulatory system is made up of which two components?
A. Nervous and endocrine systems
B. Respiratory and digestive systems
C. Skeletal and muscular systems
D. Cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
E. Urinary and reproductive systems
D
The circulatory system primarily provides ____________________ within the body and to and from internal and external environments.
A. defense against infection and disease
B. processing and digestion of food
C. exchange of gases with the environment
D. transportation of materials
E. regulation of metabolic activity and energy use
B
Which system includes the heart, blood, and blood vessels?
A. Respiratory system
B. Cardiovascular system
C. Lymphatic system
D. Urinary system
E. Integumentary system
C
What does the cardiovascular system distribute?
A. Tissue fluids and immune cells
B. Digestive enzymes and energy reserves
C. Blood cells, water, nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide
D. Hormones, sperm, and oocytes
E. Air, food, and urine
B
The cardiovascular system helps control body temperature by ____________________.
A. providing oxygen to the bloodstream
B. distributing heat
C. returning tissue fluids to the bloodstream
D. regulating metabolic activity
E. generating heat through muscle activity
E
Which system includes the spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and tonsils?
A. Respiratory system
B. Digestive system
C. Endocrine system
D. Urinary system
E. Lymphatic system
E
A major function of the lymphatic system is to ____________________.
A. return tissue fluids to the bloodstream
B. defend against infection and disease
C. regulate body temperature
D. All of the above
E. A and B
A
Which system includes the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and sense organs?
A. Nervous system
B. Cardiovascular system
C. Skeletal system
D. Endocrine system
E. Integumentary system
B
The nervous system directs ____________________.
A. air exchange
B. immediate responses to stimuli
C. metabolic activity and energy use
D. blood ion concentrations and pH
E. nutrient absorption
A
Which is a nervous system function?
A. Coordinates or moderates activities of other organ systems
B. Defends against infection and disease
C. Processes and digests food
D. Excretes waste products from the blood
E. Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
E
The nervous system provides and interprets ____________________.
A. blood cells and dissolved nutrients
B. tissue fluids returning to the bloodstream
C. energy reserves from food
D. reproductive hormones and gametes
E. sensory information
C
Which system includes the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, gonads, and endocrine tissues in other systems?
A. Lymphatic system
B. Nervous system
C. Endocrine system
D. Integumentary system
E. Muscular system
A
The endocrine system directs ____________________ in the activities of other organ systems.
A. long-term changes
B. immediate responses to stimuli
C. sensory information
D. water balance
E. blood circulation
B
The endocrine system adjusts ____________________.
A. sensory information
B. metabolic activity and energy use
C. water balance
D. oxygen delivery
E. bone formation
A
The endocrine system controls many ____________________.
A. structural and functional changes during development
B. immediate responses to stimuli
C. gas exchange in the lungs
D. blood cell formation
E. urine storage
C
Which system includes the nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and alveoli?
A. Urinary system
B. Lymphatic system
C. Respiratory system
D. Digestive system
E. Integumentary system
B
The respiratory system delivers air to the ____________________, the sites in the lungs where gas exchange occurs.
A. bronchi
B. alveoli
C. trachea
D. larynx
E. sinuses
D
Which is a respiratory system function?
A. Defends against infection and disease
B. Adjusts metabolic activity and energy use
C. Excretes waste products from the blood
D. Provides oxygen to the bloodstream
E. Stores calcium and other minerals
D
The respiratory system ____________________.
A. provides oxygen to the bloodstream
B. provides sounds for communication
C. removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream
D. All of the above
E. A and C
C
Which system includes the teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas?
A. Nervous system
B. Urinary system
C. Digestive system
D. Respiratory system
E. Integumentary system
E
The digestive system ____________________.
A. absorbs and conserves water
B. processes and digests food
C. absorbs nutrients
D. stores energy reserves
E. All of the above
C
Which digestive system function is listed?
A. Forms blood cells
B. Defends against infection and disease
C. Absorbs and conserves water
D. Provides oxygen to the bloodstream
E. Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
A
Which digestive system function is listed in the lecture?
A. Stores energy reserves
B. Forms blood cells
C. Defends against infection and disease
D. Provides oxygen to the bloodstream
E. Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
B
Which system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra?
A. Cardiovascular system
B. Urinary system
C. Digestive system
D. Integumentary system
E. Skeletal system
E
The urinary system ____________________.
A. controls water balance
B. excretes waste products from the blood
C. stores urine
D. regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
E. All of the above
B
The urinary system controls water balance by ____________________.
A. excreting waste products from the blood
B. regulating volume of urine produced
C. regulating blood ion concentrations and pH
D. storing urine prior to voluntary elimination
E. absorbing water and nutrients
A
Which is a urinary system function?
A. Stores urine prior to voluntary elimination
B. Processes and digests food
C. Provides sensory information
D. Produces sounds for communication
E. Forms blood cells
C
The urinary system regulates ____________________.
A. red blood cell concentrations
B. body temperature
C. blood ion concentrations and pH
D. metabolic activity and energy use
E. oxygen concentration in alveoli
B
Which reproductive system includes the testes, epididymides, ductus deferentia, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis, and scrotum?
A. Female reproductive system
B. Male reproductive system
C. Urinary system
D. Endocrine system
E. Digestive system
B
The male reproductive system produces ____________________.
A. oocytes and hormones
B. sperm, seminal fluids, and hormones
C. blood cells and plasma
D. A and B
E. B and C
E
Which function is listed for the male reproductive system?
A. Defends against infection and disease
B. Processes and digests food
C. Regulates blood ion concentrations and pH
D. Provides oxygen to the bloodstream
E. Sexual intercourse
B
Which system includes the ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, labia, clitoris, and mammary glands?
A. Male reproductive system
B. Female reproductive system
C. Urinary system
D. Lymphatic system
E. Integumentary system
B
The female reproductive system produces ____________________.
A. sperm, seminal fluids, and hormones
B. oocytes and hormones
C. blood cells and plasma
D. A and B
E. B and C
E
Which function is listed for the female reproductive system?
A. Protects against environmental hazards
B. Provides immediate responses to stimuli
C. Excretes waste products from the blood
D. Provides oxygen to the bloodstream
E. Supports developing embryo from conception to delivery
B
Oocytes are ________________________.
A. Male sex cells
B. Female sex cells
C. Male immune cells
D. Female Immune cells
E. C and D
D
The female reproductive system ____________________.
A. supports developing embryo from conception to delivery
B. produces female sex cells (oocytes) and hormones
C. provides milk to nourish newborn infant
D. All of the above
E. A and B
D
Which organ is primarily responsible for detoxification of blood and metabolism of nutrients?
A. Spleen
B. Pancreas
C. Adaptation
D. Liver
E. Gallbladder
A
The primary function of alveoli in the respiratory system is to:
A. Facilitate gas exchange between air and blood
B. Control blood flow
C. Transport oxygen through blood
D. Regulate breathing rate
E. Filter airborne pathogens
C
Which organ system is mainly responsible for regulating body temperature and preventing water loss?
A. Nervous system
B. Muscular system
C. Integumentary system
D. Endocrine system
E. Respiratory system