Honors Chemistry Unit 2

Atom

Atom

the smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of a specific element

Chemical Change

a change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances and are usually irreversible

Chemical Property

a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances

Chemistry

the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter, the process that matter undergoes, and the energy changes that accompany these processes.

Compound

a substance that can be broken down into simpler, stabler substances and are made from the atoms of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded together

Condensation

gaseous form to liquid

Deposition

gaseous form directly to a solid form(no liquid intermediate)

Dmitri Mendeleev

the FATHER of the periodic table

Ductile

the ability to be stretched into a thin wire

Element

a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler, stable substances and is made of one type of atom

Energy

a quantitative property that is transferred from one place to another

Extensive Property

properties that depend on the amount of matter present

Freezing

liquid to solid

Frequency

the amount of waves in a particular measurement of time

Heterogeneous Mixture

a substance that is not uniform in composition

Homogeneous Mixture

a substance that is uniform in composition

Intensive Property

properties that DON'T depend on the amount of matter present

Kinetic Energy

energy used in motion: KE = 1/2mv^2

Luster

the ability of something to "shine" based on its reflective surface

Malleability

the ability of an object to be hammered or pressed permanently out of shape without breaking or cracking

Matter

Any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight).

Melting

solid to liquid

Miscillaneous Types of Energy

Sound and Light Energy

Mixture

a classification of matter in which there is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which contains its own identities and properties

Mohs Scale

relatively describes the hardness of a material

Molecule

the smallest unit of an element or compound that retains all of the properties of that element or compound

Physical Change

a change in a substance that doesn't involve an identity change and are usually reversible

Physical Property

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

Potential Energy

energy that is stored in an object: PE = mgh

Properties of Metalloids

properties of both metals and nonmetals: not as malleable as metals, but more malleable than nonmentals, all are solid at room temperature

Properties of Metals

good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, high tensile strength, luster, and most are solid at room temperature

Properties of Nonmetals

poor conductors of heat and electricity, solid and gases at room temperature(Br=solid), brittle

Pure substance

a classification of matter in which the composition of a substance is the same throughout and does not vary from sample to sample

Rockwell and Brinell Test

Rockwell measures the depth of a penetration while Brinell measures the width

Solubility

the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a given temperature

Solute

The substance that is dissolved in a solution.

Solution

the substance created as a mixture when the solute is dissolved by the solvent

Solvent

the substance that is doing the dissolving

Sublimation

solid form directly to a gaseous form(no liquid intermediate)

Types of Kinetic Energy

Thermal, Mechanical, Electrical, Magnetic Energy

Types of Potential Energy

Chemical, Elastic, Nuclear, Gravitational

Vaporization

liquid to gaseous form

Wavelength

the distance between the crest or trough of two successive waves