ATI TEAS - Practice Tests

Adrenal

Which of the following glands is found on top of the kidneys?

- Thyroid

- Pituitary

- Adrenal

- Pancreas

Primary consumer

Seaweed -> Snail -> Fish

-> Dolphin

Using the food chain above, which of the following terms best describe the trophic level of snails?

- Producer

- Primary consumer

- Secondary consumer

- Tertiary consumer

use energy of sun or chemicals to fix carbon into organic materials

Producer

Herbivores; obtain carbon and energy from organic materials fixed by producers

Primary consumer

Carnivores; obtain carbon and energy from organic materials from primary consumers

Secondary consumer

Keystone predators; obtain carbon and energy from organic materials from secondary consumers

Tertiary consumer

Pineal

Which of the following glands produces melatonin, the hormone that regulates sleep?

- Thyroid

- Hypothalamus

- Pituitary

- Pineal

To transport urine out of the body

What is the role of the urethra?

- To transport urine out of the body

- To transport the egg to the uterus

- To connect the kidneys to the bladder

- To connect the uterus to the outside of the body

Dopamine binds to receptor proteins on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell

Which of the following results from the release of neurotransmitter dopamine into the nerve synapse?

- the presynaptic neuron fires an action potential

- Dopamine binds to receptor proteins on the membrane of the postsynaptic cell

- Dopamine enters the cytoplasm of the post synaptic cell

- Dopamine causes the postsynaptic nerve cell to contract

Particles have a large amount of empty space between them

Which of the following explains why gases are termed "compressible" and liquids are not?

- Particles have fixed volume and are able to occupy the container in which they are contained

- Particles do not have much empty space between them, thus making them rigid

- Particles have a large amount of empty space between them

- Particles are held closely together by intermolecular forces

Potential energy

Which of the following is the form of energy contained in nutrient molecules and in ATP's high-energy bonds?

- Mechanical energy

- Potential energy

- Kinetic energy

- Radiation energy

The release of insulin from the pancreas in response to an increase in blood sugar levels

Which of the following illustrates a negative feedback mechanism that occurs in the human body?

- The release of insulin from the pancreas in response to an increase in blood sugar levels

- The release of glucagon from the pancreas in response to an increase in blood sugar levels

- The release of oxytocin resulting in uterine contractions as childbirth is underway

- Chemical reactions that result in coagulation due to fibrin being released

To establish a standard for data comparison

Which of the following is the purpose of using control groups in an investigation?

- To establish a standard for data comparison

- To provide the correct answer to an investigation

- To determine the dependent variables

- TO function as a third variable group

Carbon dioxide levels decrease, causing an increase in blood pH

Which of the following explains what happens in the circulatory system during hyperventilation?

- oxygen levels increase, causing an increase in blood pH

- Oxygen levels decrease, causing a decrease in blood pH

- Carbon dioxide levels decrease, causing an increase in blood pH

- Carbon dioxide levels increase, causing a decrease in blood pH

Epidermis only

A first degree burn involves which of the following layers of skin?

- Epidermis only

- Epidermis and part of the dermis

- Epidermis and all of the dermis

- Epidermis, dermis, and some muscle and bone

Meat and some plant products, such as legumes

Which of the following food sources provides the majority of the urea that is filtered from the blood via the kidneys?

- Meat and some plant products, such as legumes

- Fruits, such as pineapple and pear

- Lard and various oils, such as vegetable and canola

- Grain products, such as breads and pasta

Albumin

Which of the following molecules, if present in urine, indicates a problem with kidney function?

- Albumin

- Creatinine

- Sodium ions

- Water

Sympathetic

Anxiety about an upcoming final exam causes a student to experience an increase in blood pressure, dilation of the pupils, and a dry mouth. Which of the following nervous system responses is responsible for these physical symptoms?

- voluntary

- sympathetic

- limbic

- cognitive

25%

Cystic fibrosis is a homozygous recessive condition. A genetic counselor should advise concerned parents that, if each of them has a parent who has cystic fibrosis yet neither of the concerned parents is affect, the probability of their potential child having cystic fibrosis is

- 0%

- 25%

- 50%

- 100%

Ventilation

Which of these terms specifically means the intake and expulsion of air using the lungs?

- inspiration

- aeration

- ventilation

- oxygenation

2, 3, 1

Steps involved in natural selection include:

1. Preservation of genes of best-adapted offspring

2. Overproduction of offspring with variation in traits

3. Differential survival in the face of environmental challenges

Which of the following is the sequence in which these steps take place?

- 3, 2, 1

- 1, 3, 2

- 2, 1, 3

- 2, 3, 1

Tendons

Which of the following connects bones to muscles?

- Ligaments

- Tendons

- Synovium

- Suture

Keratin

Nails are made of a protein called

- collagen

- vinculin

- keratin

- elastin

Cowper's

Which of the following glands is exclusively found in males?

- Adrenal

- Parathyroid

- Cowper's

- Pituitary

Estrogen

Which of the following hormones is produced in the ovaries?

- Estrogen

- Vasopressin

- Prolactin

- Oxytocin

The digestive system facilitates absorption of substances into the bloodstream

Which of the following statements correctly matches a body system with its function?

- The digestive system facilitates absorption of substances into the bloodstream

- The respiratory system transports oxygenated blood throughout the lungs and body

- The excretory system prevents harmful substances from enter the body

- The endocrine system transports hormones from place to place within the body

Equipment and methods developed since the 1930s may produce better data and provide mechanistic detail

A researcher decides to repeat an experiment and reassess results first established in the 1930s about why plants grow toward light. Which of the following is the best reason for conducting this experiment?

- plant behavior could have modified due to evolutionary processes since the experiments were first done

- New breeds of plants discovered since the 1930s have not yet been shown to have the same light response

- Shifts in average temperatures produced by global warming may affect plants in ways that they are not yet understood

- Equipment and methods developed since the 1930s may produce better data and provide mechanistic detail

Amylase

Which of the following enzymes breaks down complex carbohydrates?

- Amylase

- Pepsin

- Lactase

- Lipase

Chloroplast DNA shows clear similarities to cyanobacterial DNA

It has been hypothesized that chloroplasts originated from photosynthetic cyanobacteria that become symbiotic inside a host cell. Which of the following observations provides the strongest evidence for this suggestion?

- Microscopically, chloroplasts appear similar to cyanobacteria

- Chloroplast DNA hows clear similarities to cyanobacterial DNA

- Both chloroplasts and cyanobacteria are green and perform photosynthesis

- Photosynthetic cyanobacteria and fungi form a mutualistic association in lichen

Demineralization

Which of the following processes explains why an individual that has suffered a broken bone and is immobilized for an extended period of time experiences bone mass loss?

- Demineralization

- Muscle atrophy

- Ossification

- Kyphosis

Gallbladder

Which of the following organs stores bile?

- Stomach

- Liver

- Small intestine

- Gallbladder

Elevated white blood cell count

A blood sample take from a patient fighting an infection is expected to show

- reduced white blood cell count

- elevated white blood cell count

- elevated red blood cell count

- reduced red blood cell count

use of genetic information to build specific protein molecules

Which of the following describes the function of the ribosome in a living cell?

- Production of ATP molecules from energy in nutrient molecules

- Disposal and recycling of damaged or unneeded cell parts

- Use of genetic information to build specific protein molecules

- Regulation of molecules entering and leaving the cell

Anemia

Which of the following conditions is related to an abnormality in the function of red blood cells?

- Arrhythmia

- Anemia

- Hypertension

- Leukemia

Ventricular contraction/ventricular relaxation

A blood pressure reading of 120/70 mm Hg refers to arterial pressures recorded during

- atrial contraction/ventricular contraction

- atrial contraction/ventricular relaxation

- ventricular contraction/ventricular relaxation

- ventricular relaxation/atrial relaxation

B cells

Which of the following cell types produce antibodies?

- T cells

- Dendritic cells

- B cells

- Natural killer cells

pleura

The lungs are covered by a membrane called the

- pericardium

- periosteum

- symphysis

- pleura

Hemoglobin

Which of the following is the iron containing protein in red blood cells?

- plasma

- Deoxyribonucleic acid

- Hemoglobin

- Myoglobin

Ileum

Which of the following is part of the small intestine?

- Ileum

- Colon

- Pylorus

- Cecum

Density

If an intensive property is independent of the amount of the material being measured, which of the following is an example of an intensive property?

- mass

- volume

- density

- length

Amino acids

When an enzyme is degraded into its monomeric structural units, the monomers will be

- monosaccharides

- fatty acids

- nucleotides

- amino acids

Acetylcholine

Skeletal muscle contraction is stimulated by the neurotransmitter __________, which is released by nerves at the neuromuscular junction.

- acetylcholine

- nitric oxide

- dopamine

- glycine

Stratum basale

Which of the following layers of the epidermis contains cells that provide protection against UV radiation?

- Stratum corneum

- Stratum lucidum

- Stratum spinosum

- Straum basale

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Pancreatic cells have an abundance of _____ to meet the protein production demands of the cell

- nuclei

- mitochondria

- lysosomes

- rough endoplasmic reticulum

express alternate genetic information

The cause of cell differentiation is that different cells

- contain different DNA

- have different chromosomes

- contain similar protein information

- express alternate genetic information

damage to the spleen causes massive blood loss

Which of the following explains why damage to the spleen is a critical concern?

- damage to the spleen reduces the production of granulocytes

- damage to the spleen causes massive blood loss

- damage to the spleen results in loss of clotting ability

- damage to the spleen results in decreased red blood cell production and maturation

scrotum

Which of the following contains the testes?

- Epididymis

- Mesentery

- Prostate

- Scrotum

MgCl2 + 2H2O

Mg(OH)2 + HCI ->

The equation above is unbalances. Which of the following shows the molar products of the neutralization reaction after balancing?

- 2MgCl2 + H2O

- 2MgCl2 + 2H2O

- MgCl2 + H2O

- MgCl2 + 2H2O

The blood will become more basic

H^+ + HCO ⟷ H2O + CO2

Based on the equation above occurring in blood, which of the following would result if the reaction is moving in a forward direction?

- Blood pressure will decrease

- The blood will become more acidic

- The blood will become more basic

- Proton concentration will increase

Tendon

Which of the following is a collagen-rich material that connects muscle to bone?

- Tendon

- Ligament

- Reticular tissue

- Areolar tissue

It degrades aged RBC

Which of the following is the function of the spleen in a healthy adult human?

- It stores bile produced in the liver

- It synthesizes platelets

- It degrades aged RBC

- It is a vestigial organ

Sphincter

Which of the following is the circular muscle that regulates the opening and closing of a body aperture?

- Fossa

- Fascia

- Sphincter

- Valve

Dendritic cells

Which of the following is a type of specialized antigen processing cell that activates T cells of the immune system?

- Plasma cells

- Thrombocytes

- Dendritic cells

- Eosinophils

The lack of oxygen leading to increased fermentation

Which of the following causes lactic acid to build up in muscle cells?

- The lack of oxygen leading to increased fermentation

- An excess of carbon dioxide redirected to make lactic acid

- The decrease in glucose supply to the muscle

- An increase in blood supply to the muscle

Pill bugs prefer an environment with less light to one with more light

Students have collected 60 pill bugs and are interested in how they behave. The students mark a line down the center of six shallow dishes. Then, they place 10 pill bugs in each dish, 5 in each half. They scatter the same amount of food evenly throughout each container and spray the same amount of water into each of the dishes. Finally, they cover one half of each container with cardboard to make it dark. They count and record the the number of pill bugs in each half of each container after 10 min.

Which of the following hypotheses is the class most likely investigating?

- Pill bugs move faster in the light than in the dark

- Pill bugs prefer an environment with less light to one with more light

- Pill bugs eat more in the dark than in the light

- Pill bugs are more active in a wet rather than dry environment

Apocrine glands

Mammary glands are modified type of which of the following glands?

- Sebaceous glands

- Endocrine glands

- Eccrine glands

- Apocrine glands

Mitochondria

Where is the following is the main energy generating organelle of a sperm cell?

- Acrosome

- Mitochondria

- Axoneme

- Nucleus

Molecules are packed closely with no regular arrangement and vibrate with constant rapid motion

Which of the following best describes the arrangement and motion of molecules in a liquid?

- Molecules are packed closely with no regular arrangement and vibrate with constant rapid motion

- Molecules are widely separated in a regular pattern with no molecular motion

- Molecules are widely separated in a random pattern and vibrate freely at high speeds

- Molecules are tightly packed in a regular pattern and do not slide past one another

Reliability

Which of the following is improved when repeated trials of an experiment have consistent results?

- Reliability

- Validity

- Independent variables

- Dependent variables

Tropomyosin covers myosin binding sites

What happens when a skeletal muscle is in a relaxed state?

- Ca^2+ is released into the cytosol of the muscle cell

- Myosin forms cross bridges with actin filaments

- Tropomyosin covers myosin binding sites

- ATP binds to myosin heads

A normal gene should be supplied in place of the defective one before therapy

A pt who has a mutation that causes type 1 diabetes mellitus is trying a therapy that will use their own stem cells to restore their insulin production. Before their stem cells can be used for therapy, which of the following should be done?

- The stem cells should be inactivated with UV radiation

- A normal gene should be supplied in place of the defective one before therapy

- The pt should be counseled about passing on genetically altered cells to offspring

- The pt should be tested to ensure that their body will not reject the stem cells

Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Which of the following pairs of endocrine glands are linked by a venous blood portal system?

- Liver and pancreas

- Hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

- Pancreas and spleen

- Anterior pituitary and thyroid

Aldosterone

Which of the following hormones is released in response to a drop in blood pressure?

- Melatonin

- Somatostatin

- Oxytocin

- Aldosterone

Physis

Damage to which of the following sites will most likely result in the stunted growth of a prepubescent child?

- Physis

- Shaft

- Periosteum

- Endosteum

Transverse

Which of the following anatomical plans divides the body into superior and inferior portions?

- Sagittal

- Median

- Transverse

- Frontal

Oxytocin (OT)

Which of the following hormone is involved in the process of labor and childbirth?

- Luteinizing hormone (LH)

- Gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH)

- Thyroxine (T4)

- Oxytocin (OT)

Histamine dilates blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the area

Which of the following describes the action of histamine as a response to a bee sting?

- Histamine dilates blood vessels, which increases blood flow to the area

- Histamine degrades antigens through its catalytic activity

- Pathogens become trapped in histamine and are unable to infect the body

- Histamine triggers the release of the protein interferon

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Which of the following is the cellular organelle that stores calcium ions in skeletal muscle?

- Golgi apparatus

- Sarcoplasmic reticulum

- Lyosome

- Centriole

Fallopian tubes

Which of the following connects the ovaries to the uterus?

- Vas deferens

- Ureters

- Fallopian tubes

- Urethra

Maxilla

Which of the following bones is the large fused bone of the upper jaw that contains teeth?

- Mandible

- Maxilla

- Vomer

- Clavicle

Transpiration

Plants return water from their leaves to the atmosphere as water vapor. What is the name of this process?

- Sublimation

- Transpiration

- Accumulation

- Condensation

2, 1, 3

Three liquids are being studied. Samples of liquid 1 and liquid 2 are placed in a container together. Liquid 1 rises to the top. Another sample of liquid 1 is placed in a different container together with liquid 3. This time, liquid 3 rises to the top. If all three liquids are layered in one container, which of the following would be the correct order of the liquids from the bottom to the top?

- 2, 3, 1

- 3, 2, 1

- 1, 3, 2

- 2, 1, 3

Short stretches of complementary sequences can cause RNA to fold back on itself.

Which of the statements best explains why RNA inside a cell is almost never found as a single stranded molecule?

- Alleles for genes are found in pairs, so their RNAs also pair up

- RNA normally exists with its complementary strand in a double helix

- RNA and DNA form hybrid pairs for all transcribing parts of the chromosome

- Short stretches of complementary sequences can cause RNA to fold back on itself.

Rectum

Which of the following is part of the large intestine?

- Duodenum

- Rectum

- Ileum

- Jejunum

Fetal chorionic tissue

Which of the following fetal tissues contributes to the formation of the placenta?

- Hematopoietic cells

- Embryonic yolk sac

- Fetal chorionic tissue

- Fetal muscle tissue

Macrophages

Which of the following cells rid of the body of dust and other particles that enter the lungs?

- Alveoli

- Macrophages

- Sertoli cells

- Erythrocytes

Calcium hydroxyapatite

Which of the following chemicals is a mineral that provides mechanical strength and is found in teeth and bones?

- Sodium chloride

- Calcium carbonate

- Calcium hydroxyapatite

- Sodium aluminosilicate

Keratinocytes

Which of the following cell types confers waterproofing on the outer layers of skin?

- Melanocytes

- Keratinocytes

- Merkel cells

- Langerhans cells

Lupus

Which of the following results from the immune system attacking an individual's own health tissue?

- Lupus

- AIDS

- Asthma

- Atherosclerosis

Antibodies against blood type B will be produced in the recipient's blood plasma

Which of the following will occur if a person who has blood type A receives type B blood?

- B antigens on the surface of the recipient's red blood cells will cause their red blood cells to clump

- Antibodies against blood type B will be produced in the recipient's blood plasma

- Existing antibodies against blood type A in the recipient's blood plasma will cause red blood cells to clump

- People who have blood type A can receive blood type B with no reaction

Mucous membrane

The innermost lining of the digestive tract is largely comprised of which of the following?

- Serous mesothelium

- Stratified squamous epithelium

- Smooth muscle

- Mucous membrane

Hypodermis

Adipose tissue is stored in which of the following layers of the skin?

- Epidermis

- Dermis

- Hypodermis

- Dermal papillae

Thyroid hormones

Which of the following hormones requires iodine for its production?

- Thyroid hormones

- Melatonin

- Parathyroid hormones

- Calcitonin

The sarcomeres shorten

The sliding filament theory proposes that which of the following occurs during the contraction phase of muscle?

- The sarcomeres shorten

- Myosin degenerates

- Actin binds calcium ions

- ATP is produced by myosin

B cells release antibodies targeted to a bacterial pathogen

Which of the following events describes an acquired (adaptive) immune response?

- B cells release antibodies targeted to a bacterial pathogen

- Macrophages migrate to a site of infection to engulf pathogens

- lysozymes digest microbial cell walls

- complement proteins mediate reactions leading to the lysis of invading cells

Hyoid

Which of the following is an irregular bone of the throat that aids in tongue movement and swallowing?

- Stapes

- Hyoid

- Ischium

- Calcaneus

Bone marrow

In which of the following locations do most white blood cells originate?

- Bone marrow

- Pancreas

- Spleen

- Large intestine

Acinar cells

Pancreatic secretions that aid in digestion of food are produced by which of the following types of cells?

- Islet alpha cells

- Islet beta cells

- Acinar cells

- Sphincter cells

Stimulus, receptor, integration, effector, response

Which of the following options lists the correct order of events in a signaling pathway in a feedback loop used to maintain homeostasis?

- Receptor, effector, integration, stimulus, response

- Receptor, stimulus, integration, response,

effector

- Stimulus, effector, integration, receptor, response

- Stimulus, receptor, integration, effector, response

AA and BB

In human blood types, A and B alleles are codominant, and O is recessive. Which combination of the mother's and father's genotype has the highest probability of producing a child with blood type AB?

- AB and BO

- AO and BO

- AA and BB

- AB and AB