Topic 3 - Particle Model of Matter

What is the formula for density?

Density = Mass / Volume

What are some properties of a solid?

Strong forces of attraction

Fixed, Regular arrangement

Vibrate on a fixed position

High density

What are some properties of a liquid?

Weaker forces of attraction

Particles are close and can move past eachother

Irregular Arrangement

More energy

Random

Less dense

What are some properties of a gas?

Almost no forces of attraction

Lots of energy

Free to move

Random but fast

Low density

What are the changes of state?

See image:

What is specific latent heat and formula?

The energy needed for a 1kg mass to change state without changing its temperature.

E = ML

E = Energy

M = Mass

L = Specific Latent Heat

What is the specific latent heat called for solids, liquids and gases

Solid Liquid - Specific latent hear of fusion

Gas - Specific latent heat of vaporisation

How does temperature affect kinetic energy?

The higher the temperature, the higher the kinetic energy store. So the higher the temperature of the gas, the higher the speed of the particles.

How can pressure be increased?

There needs to be more collision for a higher pressure

Faster particles

Increased temperature

How does volume affect pressure?

Volume is inversely proportional to pressure.

How can pressure change volume?

If there is pressure outside the object and if the object can easily change shape (balloons) then a change in pressure can compress or expand the object.

How does work/force affect temperature?

If you transfer energy by applying a force then you do work. This increases the gas’ internal energy and therefore increases its temperature.